alkalinisation, soil salination, soil water logging, de- So, it’s important to learn how land/soil is being used, degraded, and conserved/protected. In some humid regions, losses are as high as 50-60% of the annual rainfall. So reports the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES), an independent intergovernmental body set up by UN member states, in a new summary for policy makers. Effects of Land degradation on Water resources, biodiversity and soils..... 9 2.1.2. There are six major causes of land degradation in Calabar South, they include; deforestation, shortage of land due to increased populations, poor land use, insecure land tenure, inappropriate land management practices and poverty, problems of valuation, and even of assigning causality, make it impossible to compute accurate benefit-cost ratios for reducing land degradation. One of the biggest causes of land degradation is overgrazing. Overgrazing occurs when animals such as cattle, goats, sheep, etc feed on the grass excessively. The areal extent of global degraded areas varies depending on the definitions. Land degradation also has serious knock-on effects for humans, such as malnutrition, disease, … Globally, human-induced soil degradation has affected 1965 million ha. Degradation is currently affecting 25% of Earth's land and 40% of Earth's agricultural land. Land degradation—the deterioration or loss of the productive capacity of the soils for present and future—is a global challenge that affects everyone through food insecurity, higher food prices, climate change, environmental hazards, and the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services. livestock populations coupled with the effects of recurrent drought have led to a serious degradation of vegetational cover, erosion, and the depletion of soil fertility on a large scale in many parts of sub -Saharan Africa. Land degradation directly affects some 1.5 billion people, including 42% of the world’s very poor and 32% of the moderately poor. The complexity of land degradation Land degradation has far stretching effects on mankind, like disease, forced migration, malnutrition, cultural damage and even war. combaTinG land deGradaTion in produc Tion landscapes 3 Dr. Naoko Ishii CEO and Chairperson Global Environment Facility land degradation is a critical global environmental issue. 21.3.1 Global Initiatives Co321.3.1.1 Introduction 21.3.1.2 The Convention to Combat Desertification 21.3.1.3 The Convention on Biological Diversity 21.3.1.4 21.3.1.5 21.3.1.6 The … Deforestation: Forests play an important role in maintaining fertility of soil by shedding their leaves … Land degradation occurs when the crucial ecosystem processes are disturbed in a negative way due to use of land, causing lost of vegetation cover, and soil fertility affecting the main processes and functions of the ecosystems. degradation and the effects this has on land users (see Section 7.3 below). Important among physical processes are a decline in soil structure leading to crusting, compaction, erosion, desertification, anaerobism, environmental pollution, and unsustainable use of natural resources. The authors cite evidence of a strong association between land degradation, migration and instability. Intensive agricultural practices have led to the decline in quality of … Loss of fertility inland and persistent droughts are some of the contributing factors of several wars happening in Sudan and Syria. Download this complete Project material titled; Effects Of Land Degradation On Agricultural Activities with abstract, chapters 1-5, references and questionnaire. At its worst, land degradation … 2.1. (which is often caused by land use practices) and its effect on land use is central to nearly all published definitions of land degradation. #3 Soil erosion gets worse The termslittle land, the other with a lot. Land and soil are some of the most important resources we have on Earth. Land degradation is an ecological sensation that disturbing arid lands and effect the economic and natural excellence of an agronomic land [5]. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of soil degradation on crop production: an assessment of total nitrogen and available phosphorus in the rainforest of Obiaruku, Delta State. Other hand land degradation is a continuing deterioration of environment [6] and production [7]. Land degradation is the blanket term usually used to describe a number of land and soil degradation issues such as soil contamination, soil erosion, desertification, … i t directly affects the livelihoods of millions of people, many of them poor … It can also result in the abandonment of land and desertification. It affects the land’s topsoil, the vegetation that grows on it, and the nearby water sources. Surface runoff reduces or even prevents percolation of water into the ground. Land degradation cancels out advanced by improved crop yields and reduced population growth. Mechanisms that initiate land degradation include physical, chemical, and biological processes (Lal, 1994). The emphasis on land, rather than soil, broadens the focus to include natural resources, such as climate, water, landforms and vegetation. Arable land is any land that can be used to grow crops. Globally, about 24% of the global land area has been affected by degradation and over 1.5 billion people live on degraded lands. Preview Abstract or chapter one below Format: PDF and MS Word (DOC) pages = 65 ₦ 3,000 The land resilience andsensitivity introduced in Section 2.4 enable description to be made of the status of the land and its potential for dynamic change The precipitation or rainfall of the area, that is discharged from the area through stream channels and is thus lost without entering the soil, is called surface runoff. Globally annual degradation cost is about USD 40 billion [8]. Land degradation, declining soil fertility, unsustainable water use, overfishing and marine environment degradation are all lessening the earth’s ability to supply food (Nino & Intern, 2016). Measuring the migration effects of land degradation 22 6.1 Measuring and mapping land degradation at global and regional scales 23 However, the widely acceptable definition is given by the UNCCD is "degradation of land in arid and dry sub-humid region caused by several factors including climate change and human activities". Most of the soil is lost through the surface runoff. Effects include land degradation, soil erosion and sterility, and a loss of biodiversity, with huge economic costs for nations where deserts are growing. The Dregne and Chou study defined desertification as a human-inducedprocess ofland degradation that can range in severity from slightto very severe, and can cause effects including erosion, salinization, toxic chemical accumulation, or vegetation degradation, irrespe<:tive of climate. The cost of land degradation. Mining activities. May 13, 2021 September 18, 2018 by Better Meets Reality. Land Degradation . 1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVES. Land degradation affects 1, 5 billion people globally. effects of land degradation through water erosion and its subsequent impact on rivers and reservoirs downstream are presented through the use of modeling tools and techniques. Land degradation is, usually, the result of … However, the specific objectives of the study are to: examine the causes of soil degradation and their effects; 7 occurs in forest land. Faulty irrigation projects have resulted not only in the soil infertility, they have also decreased water table of the country’s largest lakes by 80 percent and more, exposing shores to the effects of rapid drying out and land degradation [14]. Runoff levels vary greatly from region to region and from soil to soil. The effect of land degradation includes accelerated. 21.2 and Causes Effects of Land Degradation 21.3 Responses Legal to Land Degradation . Land degradation also has serious knock-on effects for humans, such as malnutrition, disease, forced migration, cultural damage, and even war. The causes of land degradation include the deforestation, cropland agriculture and overgrazing and it affects up to 1/3 of the world’s people. Loss of Arable Land. (GLADIS – Global Land Degradation Information System) Some studies indicate that the percentage of total land area already degraded or being degraded increased from 15% in 1991 to 25% in 2011. Arable land loss estimated at 30 to 35 times the historical rate. It is viewed as any change or disturbance to the land perceived to be deleterious or undesirable. Impacts of climate change 20 6. 4.9 Drought, land degradation, migration, and violent conflict 19 4.10 Out-migration as a cause of land degradation 19 5. Ruinous Agricultural Practices. The Effect of Land Degradation on Farm Size Dynamics and Crop-Livestock Farming System in Ethiopia: A Review 3 On the other hand, the [11] stressed that land degrada - tion is complex and involves the interaction of changes in the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil and vegetation. TS 1D – Environment and Land Use Planning Angela K. Etuonovbe The Devastating Effects of Environmental Degradation - A Case Study of the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria FIG Working Week 2009 Surveyors Key Role in Accelerated Development Eilat, Israel, 3–8 May, 2009 1/14 The Devastating Effects of Environmental Degradation It is a global issue with millions of people being affected, even forcing them to relocate in some cases. The United States is not freed from the negative impact that overgrazing has on our soil capability to continue supporting crops and livestock. In the U.S., industrialized livestock production is directly responsible … Erosion as a result of overgrazing can lead to severe land degradation. Since there is an exposed and empty soil without its vegetal cover its operational state diminishes, since the roots can not deepen and they do not count also with the required humidity. The most authoritative estimates of the extent of land degradation are contained in a report on South Asia prepared by UNDP, UNEP and FAO (Land Degradation in South Asia: its severity, causes and effects upon the people, Rome, FAO, 1994).Water erosion is the most common form of degradation in the area, affecting 25 percent of agricultural land. Land degradation is a process in which the value of the biophysical environment is affected by a combination of human-induced processes acting upon the land. The majority of the 1.3 to 3.2 Effect of degradation Several land degradation affected a significant portion of the arable lands, decreasing the wealth and economic development of nations. Natural hazards are excluded as a cause; however human activities can indirectly affect phenomena such as Land degradation causes reduction or loss of land performance across the planet, either from the ecological or economic standpoints, playing a key role in the United Nations agenda for environment since the adoption of Sustainable Development Goals in 2015 .This global phenomenon is caused by nature but also triggered by unsustainable land management, and embeds a cascade of … Desertification is, therefore, a type of land degradation whereby a dry area becomes arid and loses its water bodies, veget… In many parts of the world, mining activities or rather improper mining activities … 2 billion people and the impact of its effects will only grow with time. {4.1.3} 9 Land degradation adversely affects people’s livelihoods (very high confidence) and occurs over a 10 quarter of the Earth’s ice-free land area (medium confidence). The productivity of grassland and forest resources, Land degradation is a general deterioration of land, decreasing its productivity and biodiversity. Suggested methods in reducing land degradation include the following: Gardening, Conservation Tillage, Using Fertilizers, Afforestation and Reforestation, Constructing Wind Breakers and Responsible Industrial and Chemical Waste Management. Let us find out what surface runoff means. The major perceived effects of land degradation include decrease in farmland available for cultivation, reduction in farm yield (output), reduction in farmer’s income and loss of nutrients/organic matter. While annual runoff losses are muc… In dryland regions, years of extremely low … Land degradation effects on a global scale 2.6 billion people depend directly on agriculture, but 52% of the land used for agriculture is moderately or severely affected by soil degradation. Deforestation is the conversion of forest to non-forest land and can result in land 8 degradation. soil erosion by wind and water, soil acidification, soil. Its impacts can be far-reaching, including loss of soil fertility, destruction of species habitat and biodiversity, soil erosion, and excessive nutrient runoff into lakes. It results into reduced growth of vegetation, reduced diversity of plant species, excessive growth of unwanted plant species, soil erosion, and degradation of land due to cattle movement. Considerable controversies exist over the definition of the term “desertification” with over 100 formal definitions existing today. Land degradation is a negative change in the quality of land, usually induced by a mixture of natural and man-made causes. Overgrazing and Soil Erosion.
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