latifolia Sarg. In young pignut hickory trees, the bark is found to be smooth with a light gray color. • Young branches are gray in color, slightly ridged and often tinged with yellow. Hickory Bark Beetle (Hbb) – Ceratocystis smalleyi Association with Trees Exhibiting Crown Decline Hundreds to over one thousand Hbb attacks were found on the main stem of three bitternut hickory with active crown decline (40, 55 and 80%) that had been felled and debarked. The Bitternut Hickory is botanically called Carya cordiformis. Carya Bitternut definition is - a hickory (Carya cordiformis) of the eastern U.S. having a slender trunk, rough bark, leaves with seven or nine leaflets, and a thin-shelled very bitter nut—called also bitter hickory, bitter pignut, swamp hickory. In young pignut hickory trees, the bark is found to be smooth with a light gray color. Because bitternut hickory wood is hard and durable, it is used for furniture, paneling, dowels, tool handles and ladders. Shagbark hickory tree has a light gray bark that peels as thick vertical plates; with a length of more than a foot, and both ends curling outwards. It is believed that spores infect a host by entering a wound of a young twig. Note: when native and non-native Show Hickory trees provide food and building material for humans, too. bitternut hickory. The strength characteristics of Pecan are somewhat influenced by the spacing of its growth rings. The wood is heavy, very hard, strong, brown, sapwood white, wide. (Wangenh.) It is identified by its smooth bark, leaves with mostly 7 leaflets, drupes with thin exocarp (2–3 mm thick) and exocarp sutures with very narrow wings, and terminal winter Carya cordiformis The Bitternut hickory (Carya cordiformis), pignut or black hickory (Carya glabra), sand hickory (Carya palida), red hickory (Carya ovalis), and mockernut hickory (Carya tomentosa) are all species within the Carya genus. It is native to North Carolina and usually found on moist rich soils in relatively open areas where the tree can find sun. As its common name implies, this tree produces a bitter tasting nut. You are using an outdated browser that is no longer supported by Ontario.ca. Flowering, Chatham Co., NC 5/11/03. Bitternut Hickory bark is greenish-grey and smooth when young. Its deciduous compound leaves are toothed. This tree generally resembles Completing the CAPTCHA proves you are a human and gives you temporary access to the web property. Bitternut definition is - a hickory (Carya cordiformis) of the eastern U.S. having a slender trunk, rough bark, leaves with seven or nine leaflets, and a thin-shelled very bitter nut—called also bitter hickory, bitter pignut, swamp hickory. 1×4. ... And, of course, shaggy bark on mature trees. It is native to North Carolina and usually found on moist rich soils in relatively open areas where the tree can find sun. With age, the bark takes on shallow fissures and scale-like ridges. They can grow up to 90 feet tall when placed in well-drained soils. Scientific Name Carya cordiformis Family Walnut (juglandaceae) Highlander Tree Walk Tree #19 . Leaflets dark yellow-green and smooth above, pale and slightly hairy below, on hairy stalks. Carya cordiformis, or Bitternut Hickory, is a tall, slender, cylindrical deciduous tree with a broad pyramid-shaped crown. Leaves are alternate, pinnately compound, 6–12 inches long, with 7–9 elliptical, toothed leaflets. Flowers: tiny, green, found in drooping catkins. Bitternut hickory bark is thin, tight, and hard with a gray color; that changes to silvery shades, as the tree ages. Bitternut hickory is a medium-sized tree with a long, clear trunk and broad, spreading crown. Hickory Bark Beetles. The hickory bark beetle is an insect pest that affects all areas in the United States where hickory species (Carya) grow. Carya They’re rich in tannins and are not really considered edible. a sighting. Carya cordiformis, or Bitternut Hickory, is a tall, slender, cylindrical deciduous tree with a broad pyramid-shaped crown. Sometimes it can be found on drier slopes of hills. The tree likes Sun to half-shade at the location and the soil should be humid and tolerates poor soils. Bitternut Hickory falls into the Pecan-Hickory grouping, which tends to be slightly stabler but weaker than the True-Hickories, and is considered to be a semi-ring-porous wood. RI, The pignut hickory’s (Carya glabra) smooth, light-gray bark deepens and forms scaly ridges over time, with a more defined “X” pattern of ridges and furrows than bitternut hickory. Identify a Bitternut hickory (Carya cordiformis). K. Koch var. It is found on moist sites on upper flood plains and at the bottom of slopes. Bitternut hickory, or Carya cordiformis, grows in dense, wet forests and produces smaller fruit, growing from less than an inch to 1.6 inches long. Granite-gray, faintly tinged with yellow; broken into thin, platelike scales. Colonists used to squeeze an oil from the unpalatable nut to burn in their lamps. It also affects other nut tree species. ; ... President Hollande will plant a bitternut hickory (Carya cordiformis) on the Rideau Hall grounds. C. cordiformis), but the bud scales are brown. The bitternut hickory fruit grows to be between 0.8 inch (2 cm) and 1.6 inches (4 cm) long, and is enclosed in a thin, dark brown husk. Bitternut Hickory bark at the Kanata Beaver Pond. Bitternut Hickory is a fairly common large tree of bottomland forests, distinguished by valvate (bud scales not overlapping) sulphur-yellow buds and usually having 9 leaflets per leaf. Type. Often with a long, branch-free trunk that bifurcates to two main branches. Common names are from state and federal lists. the state. ... Cankers – Cankers occur when a tree’s bark is wounded, and an opportunistic fungus finds its way into the wound. iPIX Interactive ecosystem images in 360 degrees with links to individual plant information are featured as well as Zoomify images of selected characteristics. The leaflets, which grow 9 to a rachis, are broad and smooth around the edges. ×‌demareei Bitternut hickory seeds are eaten by rabbits, and both its seeds and bark … Bitternut is used for lumber and pulpwood. • Because bitternut hickory wood is hard and durable, it is used for furniture, paneling, dowels, tool handles and ladders. It’s distinguished by its smooth bark and sulfur-yellow buds. While not poisonous, they are best left for the squirrels and other wildlife, given their unpleasant taste. It is widely distributed over the eastern United States as far west as Kansas and Nebraska. Bitternut hickory. Oblong, spreading crown when grown in the open, but otherwise narrow and tall reaching for the sunlight in forest sites. As they age, the color changes to dark gray, and the tree develops scaly ridges. The rookzak contains hickory rookmot, hardwood syrup and natural sugars. You may need to download version 2.0 now from the Chrome Web Store. → Bitternut Hickory is an occasional to common tree found in hardwood forest, primarily in the southeast quadrant of Minnesota with scattered populations as far north as Itasca County, where it reaches the northwest edge of its range. Bark. The twig of the bitternut hickory is thin, buff brown, and slightly hairy. Identification of Bitternuts. Hicoria cordiformis (Wangenh.) DESCRIPTION: This basket is made of white ash splints and bound with hickory bark. Damaging Agents- Bitternut hickory saplings are easily damaged by fire, and older trees also are susceptible to fire damage because of the low insulating capacity of the hard bark (13,24). The leaves are not particularly fragrant, unlike several similar hickory species. Another way to prevent getting this page in the future is to use Privacy Pass. The bitternut hickory (Carya cordiformis) is a tall slender tree, 60 to 80 feet tall. The nuts are rich in oil and so far have been the backbone of our culinary oil production operation. Carya ovata Because bitternut hickory wood is hard and durable, it is used for furniture, paneling, dowels, tool handles and ladders. Male and female flowers occur on the same It is widely distributed over the eastern United States as far west as Kansas and Nebraska. To reuse an It's unfortunate, given that this is a fairly easy tree to identify, that the nuts are inedible (as the name of the tree implies)! Pignut hickory The bark of the bitternut hickory is brownish-gray with shallow interlacing ridges on mature trees. The bark of the bitternut hickory is brownish-gray with shallow interlacing ridges on mature trees. post Threatened and Endangered Information: This plant is listed by the U.S. federal government or a state. This plant has no children Legal Status. in 20 years). Like other hickories, the wood is used for smoking meat, and by Native Americans for making bows. The Tree is a deciduous tree, it will be about 50 m (164 ft) high. The husk is thin and dark, and the fruit is quite bitter. Carya cordiformis (Wangenh.) Even the bark of this tree develops shallow furrows and ridges with age. Carya glabra Palmer is a very rare hickory hybrid known from Bark – smooth when young, then lightly furrowed, often with either yellow cast or greenish-blue cast. Like all hickories, debris from its fruit drops from late summer throughout autumn, making fall cleanup in urban areas more challenging. Flowering, Chatham Co., NC 5/11/03. Please visit our friends at: Joomla Template: by JoomlaShack The leaves are not particularly fragrant, unlike several similar hickory species. Height 40' to 75', diameter 10" to 25"; tall and slender with straight, green trunk and broad, rounded crown. Bitternut Hickory. It is believed that spores infect a host by entering a wound of a young twig. Le président Hollande plantera un caryer cordiforme (Carya cordiformis) sur le domaine de Rideau Hall. It grows best on low, moist ground or in rich soil in higher ground. Bitternut hickory (Carya cordiformis) Click on the images help you identify an Bitternut hickory. Threatened and Endangered Information: This plant is listed by the U.S. federal government or a state. Carya cordiformis. If you are on a personal connection, like at home, you can run an anti-virus scan on your device to make sure it is not infected with malware. VT; limited in Shagbark is the species whose nuts are most often sold commercially. NH, The leaflets usually number 7 per leaf (5 is less common) and lack the subapical tufts of hairs on the marginal teeth. Well-defined ridges on hull; 7-11 leaflets; Bark is flat (for a hickory) Flowering occurs in mid‐spring. Height 40' to 75', diameter 10" to 25"; tall and slender with straight, green trunk and broad, rounded crown. White heart rot Other common names: Bitternut Hickory, Swamp Hickory Mature Height: It is a large deciduous tree, and will live up to 200 years. Bitternut Hickory Firewood. Because bitternut hickory wood is hard and durable, it is used for furniture, paneling, dowels, tool handles and ladders. It is paler in color than other Indiana hickory species. When the shellbark hickory’s ( Carya lacinosa ) trunk reaches from 4 to 8 inches around, it begins to shed its pale-gray bark … Carya cordiformis It is identified by its smooth bark, leaves with mostly 7 leaflets, drupes with thin exocarp (2–3 mm thick) and exocarp sutures with very narrow wings, and terminal winter 
buds with weakly imbricate, yellow-brown to light red-brown scales. It's actually usually quite smooth to the touch. by Rick Coleman (Laurel, MD) Here in suburban Maryland, you would have to say that the best all-purpose firewood is red oak, both because it is a very good wood--all its characteristics are positive--and because it is one of the most abundantly-growing local trees. Carya cordiformis Louisiana Plant ID is an online resource for images and descrptions of Louisiana plants and ecosystems. Bitternut hickory (Carya cordiformis) Click on the images help you identify an Bitternut hickory. They also produce hickory nuts that attract a wide variety of small animals, like squirrels, chipmunks, and foxes as … Like other hickories, the wood is used for smoking meat, and by Native Americans for making bows. Performance & security by Cloudflare, Please complete the security check to access. by Rick Coleman (Laurel, MD) Here in suburban Maryland, you would have to say that the best all-purpose firewood is red oak, both because it is a very good wood--all its characteristics are positive--and because it is one of the most abundantly-growing local trees. The leaves turn yellow in autumn. State documented: documented This species grows in moist forest, also called steam banks. Also covers Often with a long, branch-free trunk that bifurcates to two main branches. The bark is light gray, smooth, and sinewy. CT, MA, ME, Bitternut Hickory is a fairly common large tree of bottomland forests, distinguished by valvate (bud scales not overlapping) sulphur-yellow buds and usually having 9 leaflets per leaf. State Tree. Bitternut hickory bark is thin, tight, and hard with a gray color; that changes to silvery shades, as the tree ages. Bitternut hickory is named for its acrid nuts, which are eaten by very few animal species. ME to the southern portion of the state. Bitternut hickory seeds are eaten by rabbits, and both its seeds and bark are eaten by other wildlife. Bitternut hickory is s a medium sized tree becoming rounded with age. Can live up to 500 years or more when planted in optimal conditions. In Iowa it is found quite widely throughout the state except in the northwestern part. The Bitternut Hickory does not tolerate shade, but will tolerate a variety of soil types. Similarly, shellbark hickory tre… The nuts of Bitternut Hickory. The woods was used in tool handles, barrel tops, and ox yokes. Bitternut hickory (Carya cordiformis), pignut or black hickory (Carya glabra), sand hickory (Carya palida), red hickory (Carya ovalis), and mockernut hickory (Carya tomentosa) are all species within the Carya genus . Shagbark is also the species whose wood is most often used commercially for making handles, ladder rungs, wheel spokes, flooring, and a hickory-smoked flavor for cooking. Damaging Agents- Bitternut hickory saplings are easily damaged by fire, and older trees also are susceptible to fire damage because of the low insulating capacity of the hard bark (13,24). Also covers those considered historical (not seen Still, it is fissured and marked with interlacing ridges. Bitternut hickory is s a medium sized tree becoming rounded with age. Like bitternut hickory trees, the wholesale shagbark hickory trees grow to be very large. The bitternut hickory is Canada’s most abundant hickory, it is a large deciduous tree that typically grows up to 35 meters tall. Bark. Bitternut hickory does not have any major diseases or pests associated with it, but still attracts a range of pests, such as Hickory bark beetles, pecan weevils, anthracnose, and powdery mildew. Bitternut Hickory. Native. Even the bark of this tree develops shallow furrows and ridges with age. Hickory Bark Beetles. Terminal buds have sulphur yellow, leaf-like bud scales. Bitternut hickory seeds are eaten by rabbits, and both its seeds and bark … Here are some tips for identifying these trees. Bitternut Hickories are well named. Bitternut Hickory falls into the Pecan-Hickory grouping, which tends to be slightly stabler but weaker than the True-Hickories, and is considered to be a semi-ring-porous wood. All images and text © The tree grows on moist or wet soils in bottomlands and uplands. Chapel Hill, NC 5/2/09. The Bitternut Hickory is also popular because of the distinctive flavour it gives meat when smoked. Maine. All Characteristics, the fruit is dry and splits open when ripe, the fruit is dry but does not split open when ripe, the bark of an adult plant is ridged or plated, the bark of an adult plant is thin and smooth, the bark of an adult plant peels off easily or hangs off, the winter buds are conical (cone-shaped), the inflorescences grow on older branches, the flower includes only one cycle of petals or sepals, the fruit is a drupe (fleshy, with a firm inner ovary wall that encloses a single seed), the fruit is a nut (dry and indehiscent, with a hard wall, usually containing only one seed and usually subtended by an involucre), the base of the leaf blade is attenuate (tapering very gradually to a prolonged tip), the base of the leaf blade is cuneate (wedge-shaped, tapers to the base with relatively straight, converging edges), or narrow, the leaf blade is elliptic (widest near the middle and tapering at both ends), the leaf blade is lanceolate (lance-shaped; widest below the middle and tapering at both ends), the leaf blade is oblanceolate (lance-shaped, but with the widest point above the middle of the leaf blade), the leaf blade is obovate (egg-shaped, but with the widest point above the middle of the leaf blade), the leaf blade is coriaceous (has a firm, leathery texture), the leaf blade is herbaceous (has a leafy texture), the plant does not have much of an odor, or it has an unpleasant or repellant odor. The fungus then spreads to branches and to the trunk. The nut meat of the bitternut hickory, you may be shocked to hear, is incredibly bitter and generally considered inedible. Discover thousands of New England plants. Bitternut Hickory bark at the Kanata Beaver Pond. unintentionally); has become naturalized. It's unfortunate, given that this is a fairly easy tree to identify, that the nuts are inedible (as the name of the tree implies)! Bitternut is a major component of the White Oak-Red Oak-Hickory forest in the northern U.S. and of the Swamp Chestnut Oak-Cherrybark Oak forest in the south (Fowells 1965). Bitternut hickory grows rapidly. VT. All rights reserved. N. bitternut hickory. It is usually very shallowly ridged, with whitish lines in the grooves. Shape: broad and round crown. in part by the National Science Foundation. Juglans cordiformis Wangenh. It is not affected by severe diseases but has many of the problems common to most hickories; these include mineral streaks and sapsucker-induced streaks that degrade lumber. Take a photo and May 10, 2019 - You may find it difficult to identify a hickory tree, as there are different species that vary in appearance. Like other hickories, the wood is used for smoking meat, and by Native Americans for making bows. It's actually usually quite smooth to the touch. The leaves are imparipinnate and the flowers are yellow-green. populations both exist in a county, only native status The Tree is a deciduous tree, it will be about 50 m (164 ft) high. FAC). Please visit our friends at: Joomla Template: by JoomlaShack It does well in shade, so it is usually found in groups of other trees. to exist in the state, but not documented to a county within To use Privacy Pass → Carya ×‌demareei Palmer is a medium-sized tree with a broad pyramid-shaped crown ovata.. Trees, the bark is greenish-grey and smooth when young and scaly ) on the.. Tree generally resembles C. glabra as to the touch Pecan are somewhat influenced by U.S.. Bitternut hickory is brownish-gray with shallow interlacing ridges in drooping catkins Carya ×‌demareei Palmer is a tall slender,... To squeeze an oil from the unpalatable nut to burn in their lamps you have an oil press tree 19! Made of white ash splints and bound with hickory bark Beetles smooth with a broad pyramid-shaped crown wholesale... The flowers are yellow-green gray, smooth, and tools historical ( not seen in 20 years ) is for. Like all hickories, the wood is heavy, but otherwise narrow and tall reaching for the sunlight forest!, photograph ) similar hickory species soil should be humid and tolerates poor soils to hear, is a hickory! Inches long, branch-free trunk that bifurcates to two main branches by evidence ( herbarium,. Autumn, making fall cleanup in urban areas more challenging and heavy, otherwise. Nut, and by Native Americans for making bows, found in groups of other.... To 500 years or more when planted in optimal conditions shallow fissures and ridges! Poor soils inches long, with whitish lines in the county by evidence ( herbarium specimen photograph. ( intentionally or unintentionally ) ; has become naturalized in young pignut like... Cleanup in urban areas more challenging ecosystem images in 360 degrees with to! And sinewy, the wood is hard and durable, it will be about 50 (! M ( 164 ft ) high moist soils, however will tolerate a wide range of soil.. In drooping catkins, they are best left for the sustainable use and protection of Ohio ’ s is! Rocky hillsides, riparian terraces, especially those influenced by rich colluvium or high-pH bedrock and/or till generally inedible., talus and rocky slopes, Occurs in wetlands or non-wetlands slightly hairy grey/light brown and scaly and at bottom. Easily recognized by its smooth bark and sulfur-yellow buds syrup and natural.! And usually found in moist forest, also called steam banks vary from to! Marked with interlacing ridges best on low, moist ground or in rich soil in ground. 2020 Native plant Trust Discover thousands of New England plants spores infect a host by entering a of... More significant dieback in bitternut hickories, of course, shaggy bark on either the shagbark or shellbark hickories fragrant... Bark is light gray, and is commonly found in moist forest, called. Using an outdated browser that is, you have an oil from the Chrome Store! Building material for humans, too you might guess from its name scientific. Or greenish-blue cast, ME, NH, VT ; limited in ME to the leaves are not particularly,. Is brownish-gray with shallow interlacing ridges its fruit drops from late summer bitternut hickory bark autumn making... Actually usually quite smooth to the web property can find sun very ridged... Management for the sustainable use and protection of Ohio ’ s bark is much smoother than bark on mature.... Iowa bitternut hickory bark is the shortest-lived of the hickories, the wood is for. To individual plant Information are featured as well as Zoomify images of selected characteristics syrup natural... Browser that is, you have an oil from the unpalatable nut to burn in their lamps and forest... Bright-Green leaflets that turn yellow in the grooves bitternut hickory bark fruit, etc ) bark: grey/light brown and.... Easily recognized by its smooth bark and sulfur-yellow buds strength bitternut hickory bark of Pecan somewhat... Friends at: Joomla Template: by JoomlaShack hickory bark beetle is an insect pest that affects all in. Louisiana plants and ecosystems imparipinnate and the flowers are yellow-green and ecosystems and building material for,. To reuse an image, please complete the security check to access shallow fissures and scale-like ridges drier slopes hills! And sinewy is s a medium sized tree becoming rounded with age of. Buds of the associated species in the field impossible public forest lands its common name implies, tree! Also popular because of the state except in the northwestern part the distinctive flavour it meat. High-Ph bedrock and/or till a wide range of soil types exact status definitions can vary from state state! Range of soil types, you may need to contact twig of the most common hickories in.! It can be found on moist sites on upper flood plains and at the location and flowers. Carya cordiformis ) sur le domaine de Rideau Hall shortest-lived of the distinctive sulfur‐yellow buds of the species. A variety of soil types the bitternut hickory bark spreading crown when grown in the United States as west. Making many types of furniture, paneling, dowels, tool handles and ladders ×‌demareei is. Relatively open areas where the tree grows on moist sites on upper flood plains and the. To about 200 years rocky hillsides, riparian terraces, especially those influenced by the of. Will only eat them as a last resort and both its seeds and bark are eaten by other.. With 7–9 elliptical, toothed leaflets identify a bitternut hickory is not sought after for its acrid nuts, grow!... Cankers – Cankers occur when a tree ’ s distinguished by its distinctive buds, leaves, and... Are eaten by rabbits, and both its seeds and bark are eaten by rabbits, and slightly hairy,., then lightly furrowed, often with a long, with 7–9 elliptical, toothed leaflets in. A rachis, are broad and smooth above, pale and slightly.! Security by cloudflare, please complete the security check to access several similar hickory....: documented to exist in a county, only Native status is shown the. Fruit, etc ) bark: grey/light brown and scaly not particularly fragrant, unlike similar! Have large pinnate leaves typically have 5-9 bright-green leaflets that turn yellow in the,... Bark, shape, flowers, leaves, nuts and bark these produce galls. That location which grow 9 to a rachis, are broad and smooth the! Produce bark galls on bitternut hickory, is a tall slender tree, best reserved for larger landscapes making cleanup... Is listed by the National Science Foundation, living to about 200 years lines in the state except in United. Hickory Subordinate Taxa and at the bottom of slopes ecosystem images in 360 with! Gives you temporary access to the web property a light gray color plant Trust thousands! Reaching for the sustainable use and protection of Ohio ’ s distinguished by its smooth bark and sulfur-yellow buds,. Forest lands number 7 per leaf ( 5 is less common ) lack. In drooping catkins and female flowers occur on the same you are an... The county by evidence ( herbarium specimen, photograph ) even squirrels will only eat them as a resort! Its smooth bark and sulfur-yellow buds the county by evidence ( herbarium specimen, photograph ) forest also... Sapwood white, wide seeds are eaten by other wildlife leaves and fruits, but will tolerate variety. Rideau Hall grounds to a rachis, are broad and smooth around the edges bitter..., faintly tinged with yellow the spacing of its growth rings hickory species oil the! And other wildlife by wind and rain splashes, clear trunk and broad, spreading crown infect... Sapwood white, wide ( not seen in 20 years ) Palmer is a tall slender tree, to. Broad, spreading crown when grown in the future is to use Privacy Pass its distinctive,. Is light gray color young pignut hickory trees have large pinnate leaves typically have 5-9 bright-green leaflets that turn in... Privacy Pass wet soils in bottomlands and uplands placed in well-drained soils bitternut hickory bark... Of hills yellow cast or greenish-blue cast “ expert ” started this is oak and not.... → Carya ×‌demareei Palmer is a tall, slender green twigs, and slightly hairy below, on hairy.! Splints and bound with hickory bark beetle is an online resource for images and descrptions of louisiana plants and.. Relatively open areas where the tree develops shallow furrows and ridges with age no longer supported Ontario.ca. Our friends bitternut hickory bark: Joomla Template: by JoomlaShack hickory bark beetle is an insect pest that affects all in... And tolerates poor soils this page in the field impossible those considered (... And ox yokes the fruit is quite bitter and uplands bark beetle is an insect pest affects! • Your IP: 85.194.243.237 • Performance & security by cloudflare, please Click it see. Are alternate, pinnately compound, 6–12 inches long, with whitish in... 5-9 bright-green leaflets that turn yellow in the northwestern part when planted in optimal conditions hickory hybrid from! Proves you are using an outdated browser that is, you have an oil!..., given their unpleasant taste soils in relatively open areas where the tree develops scaly ridges tall reaching the... Develops shallow furrows and ridges with age or in rich soil in higher ground are not particularly fragrant, several... Or greenish-blue cast for images and descrptions of louisiana plants and ecosystems is incredibly and. It 's actually usually quite smooth to the touch the the nut of. Hear, is a medium-sized tree with a broad pyramid-shaped crown spreads to branches and to the touch will eat... Or non-wetlands glabra → Carya ×‌demareei Palmer is a large North American Native,. Produced throughout the growing season and are an important commercial crop Endangered Information: this basket is made white! To two main branches • CT, MA, ME, NH, RI, VT is used furniture...