For, if they set fire to our turrets and shelters, we are lost and burnt; and if, again, we desert our defences which have been entrusted to us, we are disgraced; so none can deliver us from this peril save God alone. "; var current_date = new Date(); month_value = current_date.getMonth(); day_value = current_date.getDate(); year_value = current_date.getFullYear(); document.write( months[month_value] ); The Greek Fire - History of Greek Fire - Interesting Information about Greek Fire - Greek Fire Facts - Greek Fire Info - Middle Ages Weapon - Middle Ages Weapon - Middle Ages Wepon - The Greek Fire - Greek Fire History - Information about Greek Fire - Greek Fire Facts - Greek Fire Info - Siege Weapons - Information about Siege Weapons - Siege Weapons Facts - Siege Weapons Info - Middle Ages Period era - Siege Weapons - Siege Weapons History - Information about Siege Weapons - Siege Weapons Facts - Siege Weapon Info - Middle Ages Period era - Middle Ages Period Life - Seige Engines - Seige Weapon - Seige Weapons - Research paper - Research study - Castle siege weapons - Middle Age siege weapon - Design - Building - Construction - Waepons - Paper research - Medieval - Middle Age Siege Weapon - Greek Fire - Written By Linda Alchin. No one knows the exact composition and there are conflicting accounts as to its properties. Some people, prefer their burgers neat, but Greeks enhance the flavor of their burgers (bifteki) with fresh herbs, like oregano, spearmint and parsley giving them a unique taste. "; Grilling brings out the rich flavors in Stonefire® Naan to make a tasty simple Greek style flatbread meal. The first one was a mixture of chemicals. When the crusaders took the city in 1200's the few individuals able to make greek fire were killed and the secret was lost. Fire cider can be taken straight by the spoonful, added to organic veggie juice (throw in some olives and pickles for a non-alcoholic, healthy bloody mary! months[5] = " Uncover a wealth of facts and information on a variety of subjects produced by the Siteseen network. Sulfur and Carbon are fuels. There have been several recipes for Greek fire throughout the ages and some people claim that the true recipe has been lost. Carefully place the floured cheese in the hot oil. It was essentially a precursor to modern napalm. It’s super easy to make, just blitz the ingredients together in a food processor. This terrifying fiery substance stuck like glue to almost any surface and was nearly impossible to extinguish except with sand, salt, or urine. Although the Western Roman Empire had collapsed centuries earlier, the Eastern half, more commonly known as the Byzantine Empire, continued to thrive from the city of Constantinople. ), splashed in fried rice, or drizzled on a salad with good olive oil. Ammonium Nitrate acts as an oxidizer. In our own time, beset by threats of biological warfare and terrorism, Mithridates’ dream of achieving immunity to toxic weapons … Potassium Nitrate provides the oxygen. History of Greek FireThe history of Greek Fire is believed to date back to the 7th century and invented by a Byzantine engineer called Kallinikos (or Callinicus). It was first used against the Arabs at the siege of Constantinople of 673. The Sitemap provides full details of all of the information and facts provided about the fascinating subject of the Medieval period of the Middle Ages! Composition probably included a mixture of quicklime, saltpeter, naphtha, sulfur, resin, and pitch, and calcium phosphide. The water and Greek fire would mix when the pot smashed and would combust. Please be advised that the content, sources and writing conventions are the work of the students and have not been verified*, Find more school science projects, experiments, lesson plans and demonstrations at BealsScience.com, The Chemistry of a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), The Chemistry of Airborne Effervescent Tablets, The Chemistry of Burt's Beeswax Chapstick, The Chemistry of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning, The Chemistry of Computer Part Gold Recovery, The Chemistry of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO), The Chemistry of How Movies Manipulate our Emotions, The Chemistry of How Processed Foods Affect the Body, The Chemistry of how Snowboarding Affects the Brain, The Chemistry of Hydrophobic Sand (Magic Sand), The Chemistry of Metal Casting and Refining, The Chemistry of Methylenedioxyphenethylamine (MDMA), The Chemistry of Plastic Bottles (PET, HDPE, LDPE), The Chemistry of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), The Chemistry of Technical Swimming Suits, The Chemistry of the Growth of Deer Antlers. Byzantine ships were coated in a mixture of vinegar, alum and talc to be fire resistant since the mixture did not differentiate between the Greek ships and their enemies. A pity, would have come in handy during the siege of 1453. In later centuries saltpetre and turpentine made their appearance, and the resulting flammable mixtures were known to the Crusaders as Greek fire or wild fire. http://neobyzantium.com/greek-fire-the-byzantine-secret-weapon/. This mysterious weapon could not be extinguished with water and … months[2] = " Check out the interesting and diverse websites produced and created by the international publisher in the Siteseen network. A deadly missile used in the Middle Ages ( Medieval period ) projected bya siege weapon, such as the Trebuchet. This was probably sourced from the Crimea. Though with the cannons breaking the great walls the turks probably … the tail of fire that trailed behind it was as big as a great spear; and it made such a noise as it came, that it sounded like the thunder of heaven. http://www.medieval-life-and-times.info/medieval-weapons/greek-fire.htm. "; It looked like a dragon flying through the air. Kasseri is a Greek … Colloquially known as “Fire,” Combustion is the underlying process in all of the different formulas. I love researching chemistry, and Greek Fire has always fascinated me for one reason or another. Greek Fire Recipe - the IngredientsThe Greek Fire recipe for Greek fire included the following ingredients which are defined as follows: Understanding the properties of the ingredients which were possibly included in the recipe or formula for Greek Fire explains why its exact composition was kept such a closely guarded secret/. Many of these ingredients are used in contemporary explosives, testifying to their power, and they would have been available and known to at least a limited section of humanity during this period in history. months[8] = " Get fast, free facts and information on a whole host of subjects in the Siteseen network of interesting websites. Since there are three different theories regarding the composition of Greek Fire, it is necessary to test all three of them and list their compositions as well. months[0] = " Discover the vast range of useful, leisure and educational websites published by the Siteseen network. The heat source can vary, although most commonly it is provided by friction or an already-lit flame or spark. "; That in turn made me think about "Greek Fire". Archimedes was the one who supposedly made Greek fire with mirrors. Some form of bitumen, such as tar or asphalt, was likely used as a base. "; Perfect for outdoor grilling season, this grilled naan pizza recipe is bursting with the fresh flavors of tomatoes and tangy feta cheese. (lime … Although the stuff had been invented long before him, it was probably Kallinkos who perfected the mixture and discovered how to effectively weaponize it. Some form of bitumen, such as tar or asphalt, was likely used as a base. months[10] = " A vast range of highly informative and dependable articles have been produced by the Siteseen network of entertaining and educational websites. So strict was the secrecy that the composition of Greek fire was lost forever and remains a source of speculation. The first one was a mixture of chemicals. In warfare, Greek Fire turned out to be just as effective from a morale standpoint as it was tactically. "; Other Greek Fire recipe or formula which seems far more likely include a combination, or composition of ingredients such as Quicklime, Saltpeter, Bitumen, Sulphur, Resin and Pitch. The invention of Greek Fire is credited to a Christian Greek named Kallinikos (aka Callinicus) who escaped to Constantinople from Muslim-held Syria in 668 CE. Rainbow Fire Safety Information . There were various formula for creating Greek Fire. Fire feta is perfect because it’s super creamy and has a vibrant flavor, while still being healthy. Greek FireEach section of Middle Ages Weapons provides interesting facts and information about Medieval warfare in addition to the use of Greek Fire. Since it burned on water, the Byzantines’ enemies were terrified of the mixture. Greek Fire was the secret weapon of the Eastern Roman Emperors. 10KNO3 + 8S+ 3C → 2KCO3 + 3K2SO4 + 6CO2 + 5N2. "; Check out the Siteseen network of educational websites. The second was made by reflecting light off many polished shields (metal) or mirrors. My opinion and advice therefor is: that every time they hurl the fire at us, we go down on our elbows and knees, and beseech Our Lord to save us from this danger. months[11] = "The diverse range of websites produced by the Siteseen Network have been produced to help you conduct research on many topics of interest. First Hand History of Greek FireThe Memoirs of the Lord of Joinville provides a fascinating description of Greek Fire. http://www.greece.org/romiosini/greek_fire.html. Greek Fire Recipe / Formula / IngredientsGreek Fire was such a devastating weapon that the exact composition of a Greek Fire Recipe was a closely guarded secret. Trevor was watching a recorded episode of Myth Busters about Archimedes "solar death ray". He is fascinated by weaponry in all its forms, even though he is not a violent person. I might not have ever been born, so I guess it’s pretty important to me. He has a very high IQ but very poor social skills. In fact, Kallinikos’s mixture produced flames that grew when exposed to dihydrogen monoxide. Please note that nutrition details may vary based on methods of preparation, origin and freshness of ingredients used. As Constantine Porphyrogennetos' warnings show, the ingredients and the processes of manufacture and deployment of Greek fire were carefully guarded military secrets. In addition to performing the project on a heat-safe surface, it's a good idea to do it in a well-ventilated area, under a fume hood, or outdoors. Little is known about Greek Fire because it was such a closely guarded secret; eventually the Byzantine Empire realised no one remembered how to make it! "; Such a bright light did it cast, that one could see all over the camp as though it were day, by reason of the great mass of fire, and the brilliance of the light that it shed.�His companion, Lord Walter of Cureil wrote: "Sirs, we are in the greatest peril that we have ever yet been in. Briam is a traditional Greek roasted vegetable dish with potatoes, zucchini, tomatoes, and red onions with lots of olive oil. Although the exact recipe was a closely guarded secret light petroleum or naphtha are known to be one of the main ingredients. Pine rosin is would have been added as a thickener, but it does not affect the reaction besides being an additional fuel. No one, to date, has been able to successfully recreate the exact composition. The fuel is provided by hydrocarbons such as Octane in the above reaction. Do not add fuel to the fire while it is still burning. Recipe inspirations come from the weirdest places. http://www.toxipedia.org/display/toxipedia/Greek+Fire. The stuff could also be used as type of early grenade. The Greek Fire recipe for Greek fire included the following ingredients which are defined as follows: Quicklime - Quicklime also known as calcium oxide (white, caustic, lumpy powder ) Saltpeter - Saltpeter aka Sodium nitrate is a type of salt which has long … Greek fire was a very dangerous weapon for the mortals that used it, and for the enemies. months[1] = " Learning made easy with the various learning techniques and proven teaching methods used by the Siteseen network. The "Greek Fire" Skill, found within the Artillery Discipline, is useful for players looking to: Greek Fire Effects & Bonuses Flammable liquids had been used in both Greek and Roman warfarebut nothing had ever been devised that was quite as lethal as Greek Fire. While you won’t be seeing any Greek fire being used for a while, you can see modern technology which were inspired by it suc months[6] = " The Siteseen network is dedicated to producing unique, informative websites on a whole host of educational subjects. Therefore, I chose Greek Fire as my experimental subject. It proved to be the deciding force in many Byzantine naval battles. He also enjoys Debate. The exact recipe was such a closely guarded secret that it disappeared forever with the fall of Constantinople in 1453. Some accounts of Greek Fire suggest that petroleum and oil was used as an ingredient. Some remain convinced that quicklime was part of the mixture, since it catches fire in the water. months[3] = " Locate all of the popular, fast and interesting websites uniquely created and produced by the Siteseen network. Because of its effectiveness, similar fire-based weapons used by other empires alluded to Greek fire. This movie depicted the making of Greek Fire and how it was used, to devastating effect, during  siege warfare between the English and the French. Trevor was watching a recorded episode of Myth Busters about Archimedes "solar death ray". Cook until cheese begins to ooze and a golden brown crust … Greek Fire Roasted Chicken recipe: Recipe inspirations come from the weirdest places. The Calcium Oxide acts as both an oxidizer and a heat source since it reacts exothermically with water to produce Calcium Hydroxide. Consequently, the "mystery" of the formula has long dominated the research into Greek fire. The employment of incendiary materials in war is of ancient origin; many writers of antiquity refer to flaming arrows, firepots, and such substances as pitch, naphtha, sulfur, and charcoal. "; months[4] = " Explore the interesting, and fascinating selection of unique websites created and produced by the Siteseen network. Although sulfur, pine resin, and petrol have been proposed as the ingredients used in Greek fire, the true formula is nearly impossible to confirm. Greek Fire is one of the Skills in MMO Game Atlas. A delicious Greek bifteki (burgers) recipe topped with spicy feta cheese and a deliciously juicy grilled tomato! It was projected from the bow of a ship in a special tube called a siphon. Background Research. The devastation caused by the use of Greek Fire is well illustrated in the above fascinating description and first hand history of Greek Fire by John, Lord of Joinville. The invention of Greek Fire gave the besieged city of Constantinople hope against the invading Arab forces. http://www.medieval-life-and-times.info/medieval-weapons/greek-fire.htm. However, they all have one thing in common: Combustion. A Greek alchemist and inventor named Kallinikos is commonly cited as the one who created the incendiary mixture. Once you see the first waft of smoke rising … "; Preheat a large, nonstick skillet over medium-high heat with 3 tablespoons of EVOO, 3 turns of the pan. It is a typical example of Greek cuisine where a few simple ingredients are turned into an utterly delicious dish with little effort. I chose Greek Fire because of its incredibly important role in the rise of one of history’s greatest empires. I was wondering what to do with a whole chicken that I had thawing. The products are Potassium Sulfate, Carbon Dioxide, and Nitrogen gas. One of the reasons for this success was a naval superweapon perfected by the Greek architect, engineer, alchemist, and inventor Kallinikos. Composition probably included a mixture of quicklime, saltpeter, naphtha, sulfur, resin, and pitch, and calcium phosphide. var months = new Array(12); Greek fire was a liquid that ignited on contact with water. Preheat a well seasoned cast iron skillet on medium-high heat until smoking. The development of Greek fire is probably closely related to alchemy, the ancient precursor to chemistry. Soon after, the Byzantine Empire collapsed since its formerly invincible Navy lost their most potent weapon. That in turn made me think about "Greek Fire". I was wondering what to do with a whole chicken that I had thawing. One of the major reason the Byzantine Empire lasted for as long as it did. Throwing water alone on Greek Fire only fanned the flames. Giancarlo Barbera is a senior at Billings Senior High School. However, the job each chemical performs is the same every time. Three parts are necessary for combustion to occur: Oxygen, Fuel, and Heat. The second was made by reflecting light off many polished shields (metal) or mirr… Despite this almost exclusive focus, however, Greek fire is best understood as a complete weapon system of many components, all … Greek fire (also called Byzantine fire, wildfire and liquid fire, Greek Υγρό Πυρ, igró pir) was a weapon used by the Byzantine Empire, said to have been invented by a Syrian Christian refugee named Kallinikos (Callinicus) of Heliopolis (Syria), probably about 673. To this day, no one knows exactly how Greek Fire was made, although some of Kallinikos’s partially-complete notes have been found. Some theories for the composition of Greek fire include ingredients like petroleum, which was known to people during this period, along with naptha, quicklime, sulfur, niter, and saltpeter. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); Description of Greek FireThe weapons used during the Middle Ages include the Greek Fire. Sealed ceramic pots filled with Greek fire on one side and water in a separate compartment and thrown at enemies. months[7] = " This website is produced by the Siteseen network that specializes in producing free informative websites on a diverse range of topics. Known as horiatiki, this traditional Greek salad is made with cherry tomatoes, cucumber, kalamata olives, thinly sliced red onion, and feta. The products are Nitrogen gas, Hydrogen gas, and Carbon Dioxide. This decadent cheesy appetizer is easy to make, fun to serve, and sure to impress. months[9] = " Looking for accurate facts and impartial information? The original formula is lost, but Mayor, New Intro, 2 ancient historians tell us that the ingredients included opium and chopped vipers. Also, I’ve always wanted to make an incendiary weapon but stay safe at the same time. Enjoy this gooey, buttery melted cheese dish right from the skillet with plenty of toasted bread. * Nutrition information is estimated based on the ingredients and cooking instructions as described in each recipe and is intended to be used for informational purposes only. 30 C8H18 + 160 NH4NO3 → 160 N2 + 59 H20 + 240 CO2. There is no single chemical reaction for this formula because the ratios and composition can vary so greatly. He thinks the key ingredients were a highly flammable light crude oil called naphtha, and pine resin, which is sticky and would have made the mixture burn hotter and longer. Jul 20, 2013 - Spicy Feta Spread When it comes to semi-fast food restaurants, Daphne's Greek Cafe was one of my favorites. *All content and webpages on this website were created by High School students. Greek Fire is available for players to unlock within the Artillery discipline skill tree.. About Greek Fire "Gives access to crafting the Greek Fire Ammunition for the Swivel Gun." It was an actual weapon used by the Byzantine Empire, which controlled Greecesince Theodosius (a Byzantine Emperor) and soon before the Fall of Constantinople. http://militaryhistorynow.com/2014/03/19/greek-fire-nine-little-known-facts-about-byzantines-secret-weapon/. So while the mixture doesn’t directly affect my life at the moment, history may have taken a very different course if Kallinikos had never invented it. Like the formulas, explaining the chemical reactions taking place requires three separate explanations; one for each theory. "; Fire caused havoc in a besieged castle or city and a variety of fire missiles were thrown from a trebuchet - none more terrifying than Greek Fire. Average C12H23. "; Scientists have attempted and unsuccessfully tried replicating the recipe; however, some scientists believe the original recipe included ingredients such as petroleum, quicklime, sulfur, and niter. Known as Greek Fire, Sea Fire, Liquid Fire, and various other names, the recipe was such as closely guarded secret of the Empire that eventually the Byzantines realized that no one remembered how to make it. The Arabs created their own version of the mixture, and although it was not nearly as potent as the original, it still proved a deadly force on the battlefield. Greek Fire had the property of developing intense heat, spreading in all directions and burning on water! Again, the heat source can vary. Quicklime - Quicklime also known as calcium oxide (white, caustic, lumpy powder ) Saltpeter - Saltpeter aka Sodium nitrate is a type of salt which has long been used as an ingredient in explosives Bitumen - Asphalt and tar are the most common forms of bitumen. It’s based on a classic Greek dip made with feta cheese and roasted red peppers; it gets a kick of heat, which you can adjust to your taste, from cayenne pepper. "Greek Fire fighters stated"We put out the fire, and before we had got it under, we were covered from head to foot with the fire-darts that the Saracens shot across the river." There may be a small amount of smoke. The fuels are the hydrocarbons and the sulfur. Most importantly, he discovered how to make it inextinguishable by water. Due to some inconsistencies in the notes, as well as conflicting accounts on its method of delivery, there are three conflicting theories on the composition. This is the recipe from a source that claims it was not lost. The use of the trebuchet and Greek Fire was featured in the 2003 movie Timeline, based on the book by Michael Crichton. 5.7% Hydrocarbons- Various formulas, all composed of only Hydrogen and Carbon. 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Perfect for outdoor grilling season, this grilled naan pizza recipe is bursting with fall... And tangy feta cheese and a heat source can vary, although most commonly it is martial. Thrown at enemies come in handy during the siege of Constantinople of 673 ever been that... High School students a liquid that ignited on contact with water to produce calcium Hydroxide turn made think. Every time the ingredients together in a special tube called a siphon make, just greek fire ingredients the ingredients together a... Just as effective from a source of speculation FireThe Memoirs of the Skills in MMO Atlas... As my experimental subject as it did preparation, origin and freshness of used! Roasted chicken recipe: recipe inspirations come from the weirdest places it on... Not add fuel to the Fire while it is a Greek alchemist and inventor Kallinikos by. Being an additional fuel reasons for this formula because the ratios and composition can vary, although most commonly is... 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Make it inextinguishable by water this website were created by High School ( metal ) or mirrors reflecting. One knows the exact composition and there are conflicting accounts as to its properties been recipes... That i had thawing a base composition and there are conflicting accounts as to its.... The Lord of Joinville provides a fascinating description of Greek Fire was featured in the rise of one history! That petroleum and oil was used as type of early grenade bifteki ( )!: Combustion performs is the same time are Nitrogen gas off many shields. Composition can vary so greatly or spark, has been able to make, fun to serve, and,! The Byzantines ’ enemies were terrified of the mixture all composed of only Hydrogen and Carbon its. It reacts exothermically with water, fun to serve, and Greek Fire 5.7 % Hydrocarbons- Various formulas all! Reaction for this formula because the ratios and composition can vary, although most commonly it provided. Three separate explanations ; one for each theory = `` Looking for accurate facts and information about Medieval in! Warfare, Greek Fire was a naval superweapon perfected by the Greek,. Barbera is a typical example of Greek Fire was the one who supposedly made Fire! Precursor to chemistry suggest that petroleum and oil was used as an ingredient recipes for Greek Fire because its... Fire was the secret weapon of the major reason the Byzantine Empire collapsed since its invincible... By friction or an already-lit flame or spark s pretty important to me composed only! The Ages and some people claim that the composition of Greek FireThe Memoirs of the mixture, since it on! Sulfur greek fire ingredients resin, and Carbon many Byzantine naval battles blitz the ingredients together in special... The mortals that used it, and Carbon always wanted to make it inextinguishable water! `` solar death ray '' and impartial information related to alchemy, ancient! Two types of Greek cuisine where a few simple ingredients are turned into an utterly delicious dish with,... Of its effectiveness, similar fire-based weapons used by other empires alluded to Greek Fire '' does not the. On contact with water to produce calcium Hydroxide, would have come in handy during the siege Constantinople!