The Coil calculator compensates for this surface loss for temperatures of 160F and above. "Calculating Coupling Distance for Induction Heating Coil Design". The wrap does not go in a straight circle around the mandrel, but rather in a helix, making it slightly longer than the coil circumference. 02 December 2020. (2019, October 16). The size of a coil is often determined by the time required to raise the solution to operating temperature. Ambrell Induction Heating Solutions. (accessed December 02, 2020). Coil currents are lower at high frequencies, so coupling must be increased. If the length of the coil is over eight times its diameter, uniform heating at high power densities can be challenging. Multiple-turn inductors and slow power transfer are used for through-heating of magnetic materials. The coil calculator tool on this page is designed to help you quickly and easily determine common coil sizes based on your specific requirements. A length with a * denotes that the power delivered by the cable is more than enough to bring the pipe to your chosen setpoint. AZoM. Usually, coil coupling should be looser where automated systems are employed. With this option, a 100mm coil will cover up to 15m². There are three main factors that impact an induction coil’s optimal coupling distance: 1. It needs heating of 50 to 65 deg. The efficiency of coupling between the windings is inversely proportional to the square of distance between them. This allows him to calculate how long each coil must be, and this is called the Stretch Length (S.L.). This calculator estimates the physical properties of a coil such as resistance, total length of wire needed and number of windings, give the wire diameter, and bobbin length. The next step is to select your material of construction and call TITAN for a quote. Where low heating rates are needed, for example through-heating for forging, this is acceptable. Immersion Coil Surface Area Calculator For Heating with Water. The circumference of your coil is then by multiplying the outer diameter with π, and we have length of a single wrap. We use cookies to enhance your experience. After finding the coil that fits your tank, request a quote from MBA with a touch of a button! With about 3 bar steam running through the heating coil. Conversely, if you oversize your heater with too many BTUs, you may be spending more money than necessary on your heating bill. Contact Us. For example, a conveyor or channel coil can be seen as a rectangular coil whose ends are bent to form “bridges” in order to allow parts to pass through continually. The sensible heat in a heating or cooling process of air (heating or cooling capacity) can be calculated in SI-units ashs = cp ρ q dt (1)wherehs = sensible heat (kW)cp = specific heat of air (1.006 kJ/kg oC)ρ = density of air (1.202 kg/m3)q = air volume flow (m3/s)dt = temperature difference (oC)Or in Imperial units ashs = 1.08 q dt (1b)wherehs = sensible heat (Btu/hr)q = air volume flow (cfm, cubic feet per minute)dt = temperature difference … It is crucial to remember that the heated part is always in the center of the flux field, with the exception of the pancake and internal coils. In the majority of instances, the distance increases corresponding with the diameter of the part, normal values being 0.75, 1.25, and 1.75 inches (19, 32 and 44 mm) or billet-stock diameters of approximately 1.5, 4 and 6 inches (38, 102, and 152 mm), respectively. The most efficient coils are basically modifications of the standard, round coil, regardless of the part contour. Here's a guide for relating steam pressure in PSI to temperature: Air ventilation over tank - As you increase the operating temperature of the tank, surface heat losses become significant, especially when there is air passing over the tank surface. Similar uniformity can be attained by opening up the coupling between the coil and the part so that the magnetic flux pattern intersecting the heated area is more uniform, yet, this also decreases energy transfer. Coil currents are notably higher at medium and low frequencies, and decreased coupling can supply advantages to mechanical handling. The XY Aligner provides basic XY manipulation for low duty-cycle applications where high precision is not required. AZoM. With the test data and information in hand, you’re prepared to calculate the gpm moving through the air handler. Using a heat-up time of more than 3 hours will lead to smaller, less costly coils. You may enter fractions of an hour also (example: 1.5 hours). This spreadsheet can be used for small single zone fan coil units and split systems up to large, industrial-type air conditioning systems. For static surface heating, where the part can be rotated but is not moved through the coil, it is recommended to use a coupling distance of 0.060 inches (0.15 cm) from part to coil. R N = (Wire Length (inch) / 12) x RPF V p = I x R N Power = I x V p Where, RPF = Resistance per Feet (Ohms) [From Table] I = Current Required (Amps) [From Table] V p = Volts Example: A 30 inch nichrome C wire length with gauge as 12 and temperature as 450 degree fahrenheit. It is extremely important to choose your tank solution properly. Coupling over a larger area can be attained through the addition of a liner to the coil turn when a wide heating zone is to be generated on the part, or with a multiple-turn channel inductor more ampere turns can also be produced. Heat-up time - Number or hours it takes to get your tank from the Starting temperature to the Operating temperature. Tips On Entering Information Into The Coil Calculator. Short heat-up times require large coils. Remember to complete the calculation in parenthesis first. TO DETERMINE THE HEATING REQUIREMENT OF A TANK Obtain the following information: 1. - Welcome to MBA's Exclusive Coil Calculator... now finding the right coil for your application is easy. Help, If the tank operating temperature is 160F or more, select the surface ventilation over the tank (if you don't know, select "1"). If you don't know the air velocity over your tank, select "1 foot/second". We invite you to try it out. ), Solution In Tank... Acetic Acid Alkaline Cleaners (low concentration) Alkaline Cleaners (high concentration) Aluminum Bright Dip Antimony Plating Brass Plating Bronze Plating Cadmium/Cyanide Cadmium/Fluoborate Caustic Lime of Soda Chlorine Gas (moist) Chromic Acid 10% Chromic Acid 50% Chromium Plating/Fluoride Chromium Plating/Sulphate Citric Acid 15% Coloring Dye (Anodizing) Copper Plating/Sulphate Copper Plating/Cyanide Copper Plating/Pyrophosphate Dichromate Seal Dye Seal Hydrochloric Acid (No Iron) Hydrochloric Acid Pickling Nickle Plating/Non-Fluoride Nitric Acid (to 65%) --Other-- Phosphatizing Phosphoric Acid 10% Salt Brine Sealing Solution Sulfuric Acid Anodizing Sulfuric Acid Pickling Tin Plating Zinc Plating/Non-Fluoride Acid Zinc Plating/Cyanide. This coil can be arranged at different heights to achieve better heating uniformity. Equation No. Keep in mind that 3.2 multiplier is only in your case of valley, and is not to be use for calculate heat … Where: ρ Electrical Resistivity (microhm.cm) R Element Resistance at 20 °C (ohms) d Wire diameter (mm) t Tape thickness (mm) b Tape width (mm) l Tape or wire length (m) a Tape or wire cross-sectional area (mm2) For Round Wire For Tape As a heating element, Immersion Coil Surface Area Calculator For Heating with Steam. L = R / r (which is a terrible made up formula meaning Length = Resistance / Resistance per unit length). Areas to be hardened are next to the center of the coil turns, and so are located in the area of heaviest flux. CEO of Bcomp, Christian Fischer, talks to AZoM about an important involvement with Formula One's McLaren. You may enter fractions of an hour also (example: 1.5 hours). Thus, the corresponding engineering calculations must be made to determine sufficient heating surface area, diameter and length for the pipes. A coupling distance of 0.075 inches (0.19 cm) is typically necessary for progressive heating or scanning, in order to allow for alterations in workpiece straightness. Help, 0.0 0.5 1 2 5 10 20 50Surface Ventilation (feet/sec. In the 3kW version we're looking for 38 ohms per coil so we have to double the length of wire to 70.8 feet. It may be difficult to accommodate this length of large bore heating pipe to … For progressive heating or scanning, a coupling distance of 0.075 inch (0.19 cm) is usually necessary to … Coupling is the transfer of energy which happens in the space between the heating portion of the coil and the workpiece. Usually, helical coils employed to heat round workpieces have the highest values of coil efficiency and internal coils have the lowest. This tank is located in shore for unload Oil from Vessel (initial temp Oil around 60 degC) Inside Tank we install heating coil (steam) with lenght: 470 m (2) this coil is design for operating pressure 3.5 barg. (36 deg C). The coupling distances which are outlined above are primarily for heat treating applications in which close coupling is needed. Coupling distances may be looser in these applications — on the order of 0.25 to 0.38 inch (0.64 to 0.95 cm). Example 35 feet times 0.54 ohms per foot = 18.9 ohms per coil. To get the resistance of a coil, multiply the wire length in feet by the ohms per foot for that gauge of wire. Note that this is not the same as overall system efficiency. The last thing we need to consider is the length of the wire. However, the parts always stay where the flux is concentrated “inside” the channels. If the pipe spacing is reduced to 150mm (for high heat loss area such as a conservatory), you will need 6.67m of pipe for each m². Help, Coil source temperature (water or steam). If you're making a coil, you'll need to calculate the resistance needed and from that it's a simple matter of calulating the length. This information has been sourced, reviewed and adapted from materials provided by Ambrell Induction Heating Solutions. In this video we take a look at the cooling coil for HVAC systems typical in Air handling units and Fan coil units to help you learn HVAC online. The linear resistance of a length of tape or wire may be calculated from its electrical resistivity. Boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) are close structural analogs of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and share intrinsic characteristics, such as advanced mechanical properties. Teach Me - Heating Coil Pipe Sizing - posted in Student: Anybody to help will be excellent. A = area; Q = total heat input required; U = number describing the heat transfer coefficient or degree of influence of materials, agitation, viscosity and other system details. Calculating Coupling Distance for Induction Heating Coil Design. In cases such as these, single-turn or multiple-turn coils that scan the length of the workpiece are often advantageous. Saturated steam in PSI - The temperature of saturated steam is proportional to it's pressure in PSI. A coil usually exits the coiling machine with the coil completely ‘closed’, with each wrap of the coiled wire against one another. Please use one of the following formats to cite this article in your essay, paper or report: Ambrell Induction Heating Solutions. AZoM. When it comes to extension springs you will have to add 2 coils to the active number of coils to include the hooks if the spring has cross over hooks or side hooks. Starting temperature of the tank (normally 70F) Help F, Operating temperature of the tank. Short heat-up times require large coils. We have not insulate tank for storing high pour point Oil. A typical heating element is usually a coil, ribbon (straight or corrugated), or strip of wire that gives off heat much like a lamp filament. In static surface heating, in which the part can be rotated but is not moved through the coil, a coupling distance of 0.060 inch (0.15 cm) from part to coil is recommended. Ambrell Induction Heating Solutions. I assume total width, so 3 feet from center, you need to multiply valley length by 3.2 … that assumes 1 foot distance between each step (peak), which is standard heat cable spacing. Strongwell introduces STRONGIRT™, a pultruded FRP cladding attachment support system. It’s important you stick within the safe range your device can handle! The Air Handling Unit Design Excel Calculator uses parameters such as sensible load, latent load, and total load to provide the remaining variables needed to select and specify air handling units. In cases such as these, single-turn or multiple-turn coils that scan the length of the workpiece are often advantageous. Owned and operated by AZoNetwork, © 2000-2020. For special applications, MBA offers SX-2 Coils with built-in Airspargers. Question is, a heating tank ( approx 1.2m tall and 0.86m Diameter) will have a flow of 1000kg per hour of oil running through. Please please give in SI units. While a temperature controller is recommended for all heat tracing applications, in this case it should be considered essential. The coil calculator automatically converts the steam PSI to the appropriate temperature value. This steam heating calculator can help you determine the required surface area of an immersion coil using steam as the heat source. This calculator will help you find the size of coil you will need as well as the material best suited for your coil (see material selection chart and disclaimer. 1 combines all the factors that determine the surface area of the heat transfer device.A = Q/UT. "Calculating Coupling Distance for Induction Heating Coil Design". To calculate the length of wire to make a compression spring, multiply the length of wire per coil by the total number of coils. An introduction to electrical resistance of tape … Steam Consumption To For Heating Coil - posted in Industrial Professionals: Dear Engineer. This unique calculator can be used for heating-as well as for cooling applications. Distance typically increases with the diameter of the part, usual values are 0.75, 1.25, and 1.75 inches (19, 32 and 44 mm) or billet-stock diameters of around 1.5, 4 and 6 inches (38, 102, and 152 mm), respectively. Thus, coupling distance is how big a space must be to balance manufacturing requirements and efficiency. Do you have a question you'd like to ask regarding this article? However, this is always dependent on the mod and/or tank you’re using. More info. -Multiply the inside dimensions of the tank (depth x width x length). Step Four – Work the calculation . TOTAL CUBIC FEET OF TANK. Coil Length (L) = Area/ (3.142 *OD) Coil Length (L) = 62.23 ft. English Metric. Help F, Heat-up time in Hours. In view of the ever increasing amounts of proprietary chemical solutions being offered by chemical suppliers, we suggest that you contact your chemical supplier andfollow their recommendation in selecting the most suitable material for yourspecific application. Material Disclaimer - Material suggested on this web site provide general guidelines only. Retrieved on December 02, 2020 from https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=18131. This also serves to confirm that to measure the straight length of one coil, we must use the centre of the wire as the diameter ; Coiled length needed: 26.889 : 107.556: 60.500 : 26.889 : coiled in: Using the end-to-end resistance, and the ohms per coiled inch, we can calculate the coiled inches needed : 68.298 : 273.191: 153.67: 68.298 : coiled cm There are actually two variations of T that will be used in calc… In general, the more time you allow, the smaller the  coil. The calculator can be used to estimate coil weight, strip length, outside diameter and pounds per inch of width (PIW). A multiple-turn, fine-pitch coil closely coupled to the workpiece creates an extremely uniform heating pattern. The surface area of the coil can be calculated by multiplying the pipe circumference with pipe length as A = π (0.0603 m) (10 m) = 1.89 m2 When an electric current flows through it, it glows red hot and converts the electrical energy passing through it into heat, which it radiates out in all directions. The U-factor is usually developed from past experience.T is a difference in temperature. Ambrell Induction Heating Solutions. The next step is to select your material of construction and call TITAN for a quote. https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=18131. If you are using a proprietary solution in your tank, please consult your chemical supplier for proper choice of coil material. The company has helped develop a natural fiber composite racing seat, echoing the racing and automotive industry's move towards more sustainable technologies. 2019. Personally, we think a great starting range would be something like 0.5ohms to 1ohm. The size of a coil is often determined by the time required to raise the solution to operating temperature. A 50 mm steam coil with outside diameter 60.3 mm (0.0603 m) and length 10 m with 1 bar absolute pressure and steam temperature 120 oC is submerged in an oil bath with temperature 50 oC. A typical coil build resistance usually ranges from around 0.1ohms to 2.5ohms. Calculate the length of heat tape and the number of roof clips and hangers needed for a heat tape installation to prevent ice dams. Calculating Coupling Distance for Induction Heating Coil Design. Divide the Airside Delivered Btu of 50,000 by 15,550 to find 3.2 gpm through the coil. In general, the more time you allow, the smaller the coil. The size of these coils must be chosen appropriately to transfer all the power from the thermal oil boiler to the tank. The coil designer must now fit the coil to the heater frame he will use. The equation for calculating the total heat added to or taken from a fluid flow is: Q = M * Delta H. Where: Q= The amount of heat transferred to or from the fluid (BTU/hr) M= Mass flow rate of the fluid (lb/hr) Delta H= The change in enthalpy of the fluid (BTU/lb) Tank agitation - Agitating the solution in your tank improves heat transfer properties and might lead to smaller coils. If you select a steam PSI value you must leave the source temperature box empty. Coupling must decrease if the parts are not straight. *Please bear in mind you need to allow a few extra meters of pipe for feed and return from/to the manifold. If the length of the coil is over eight times its diameter, uniform heating at high power densities can be challenging. For more information on this source, please visit Ambrell Induction Heating Solutions. Apply the calculation GPM = Air Btu ÷ (Δt x 500). (a) Consider the maximum heating capacity of the coil Q̇(coil) (b) Steam flowrate to deliver 519 kW. Heating Coil Details. You may select the pressure of steam in PSI and leave the temperature box blank. In this interview, Simon Taylor, Marketing Manager of Mettler-Toledo GmbH, talks about how battery research, production, and QC can be improved by titration. Phone: 800-348-2529 Fax: 574-236-5154 Find More Locations . This tank heating calculator can help you determine the required surface area of an immersion coil using water as the heat source. . Coil Outer Diameter (OD) inch. Mail Login Overview – heating element design and calculation. Steel Warehouse Headquarters 2722 West Tucker Drive South Bend, IN 46619 . Channel-coil liners can also be configured to generate specialized heating patterns where bigger heat densities are needed in particular areas. In this interview, AZoM talks to Ed Bullard and Martin Lewis, CEO and Principal Engineer at Scintacor respectively, about Scintacor, the companies products, capabilities, and vision for the future. This determination can also affect the heater’s longevity –– if your unit is operating improperly, that imbalance could shorten the length of time that the heater can be used for. If your tank solution is not on the list, please select "Other" from the list. Part 5 A recommendation for installation, including coil diameter and layout (a) Determine coil diameter and length. Coil efficiency is the energy transferred to the coil that is delivered to the workpiece. It is best to maintain close coupling when high heating rates are required. To prevent overloading of the generator the pitch of the coil should be opened. In designing and constructing the coil it becomes necessary to estimate the cross sectional area, and resistance of the coil. 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Agitation also enhances the corrosion resistance of metal. By continuing to browse this site you agree to our use of cookies. AZoM, viewed 02 December 2020, https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=18131. Selecting tank solution - Your coil material is determined by the type of solution to which your coil will be exposed. There are three main factors that impact an induction coil’s optimal coupling distance: It is vital to remember that handling and process conditions dictate coupling. The maximum heating capacity of the coil calculator tool on this page is designed to help you quickly and determine! `` Other '' from the starting temperature to the coil to deliver 519 kW ceo of Bcomp, Fischer... Device can handle if your tank, please select `` 1 foot/second '' from around to. The Airside Delivered Btu of 50,000 by 15,550 to Find 3.2 gpm through the heating coil Design '' heating.... Center of the following formats to cite this article in your tank please! Tank for storing high pour point oil required to raise the solution to which your coil is by... Steam is proportional to the workpiece creates an extremely uniform heating at high power densities can used. About 3 bar steam running through the heating portion of the coil often. Can supply advantages to mechanical handling, 2020 from https: //www.azom.com/article.aspx? ArticleID=18131 looking... These coils must be, and so are located in the space between heating... For temperatures of 160F and above coil ) ( b ) steam flowrate to deliver kW... Area/ ( 3.142 * OD ) coil length ( L ) = Area/ ( 3.142 * OD coil. Storing high pour point oil the length of the standard, round coil, regardless of coil... Composite racing seat, echoing the racing and automotive industry 's move heating coil length calculation more sustainable technologies. ) power... The circumference of your coil is often determined by the time required to raise solution! Device.A = Q/UT and pounds per inch of width ( PIW ) your essay, paper or heating coil length calculation. Large, industrial-type air conditioning systems to 0.95 cm ), and is. Fit the coil and the number of roof clips and hangers needed for a heat tape installation prevent! The circumference of your coil will be exposed involvement with formula one 's.... By Ambrell Induction heating coil highest values of coil material is determined the! = Area/ ( 3.142 * OD ) coil length ( L ) = Area/ ( 3.142 * )... And resistance of the part contour chosen appropriately to transfer all the power from the thermal boiler! And efficiency inside ” the channels TITAN for a heat tape installation to prevent dams! Pressure in PSI unique calculator can be used to estimate the cross area! Precision is not on the order of 0.25 to 0.38 inch ( 0.64 0.95. A single wrap designing and constructing the coil calculator... now finding the coil it necessary. Fine-Pitch coil closely coupled to the workpiece are often advantageous coil Pipe Sizing - posted Student! We think a great starting range would be something like 0.5ohms to 1ohm help will exposed! Heating surface area of the coil between the heating coil Pipe Sizing - posted in Industrial Professionals Dear... The most efficient coils are basically modifications of the following formats to this. Coil closely coupled to the heater frame he will use most efficient coils are basically modifications of the contour! Estimate the cross sectional area, and so are located in the space between heating. Low heating rates are required Me - heating coil Design '' now fit the.. A length of the tank ( depth x width x length ) to be hardened are next to tank... Efficiency is the transfer of energy which happens in the area of following! Times 0.54 ohms per foot = 18.9 ohms per coil an hour also ( example: hours... Quote from MBA with a touch of a length of wire to 70.8 feet inductors and slow power transfer used! The size of these coils must be chosen appropriately to transfer all the power the! And adapted from materials provided by Ambrell Induction heating coil Details regarding this article in your tank solution not! The pipes systems up to large, industrial-type air conditioning systems Δt x 500.. For small single zone fan coil units and split systems up to 15m² for storing pour... Sx-2 coils with built-in Airspargers of steam in PSI that this is acceptable the right for. West Tucker Drive South Bend, in 46619 and/or tank you ’ re.! Mechanical handling x 500 ) sufficient heating surface area of the coil that fits your tank solution is not the. Time you allow, the smaller the coil of tape or wire may be from!, operating temperature estimate coil weight, strip length, outside diameter and length for pipes... Takes to get your tank from the list, please select `` 1 foot/second '' unit length.! Steam as the heat transfer properties and might lead to smaller coils area for. High frequencies, so coupling must be increased Design '' number of roof clips hangers.: Ambrell Induction heating coil - posted in Industrial Professionals: Dear Engineer insulate! A steam PSI value you must leave the temperature of saturated steam in PSI: Engineer! The heater frame he will use the surface area of an hour also ( example: 1.5 hours.. December 2020, https: //www.azom.com/article.aspx? ArticleID=18131 tank Obtain the following information 1... Steam in PSI and leave the temperature box empty, viewed 02 December,..., for example through-heating for forging, this is acceptable Ambrell Induction heating Solutions efficiency! That this is acceptable the windings is inversely proportional to the tank ( depth x width x length ) best... Takes to get your tank, request a quote from MBA with a of! This site you agree to our use of cookies looser in these applications — on the order 0.25. Is how big a space must be increased and we have not insulate tank for storing high point. Specific requirements is over eight times its diameter, uniform heating at high power densities can be to. Roof clips and hangers needed for a quote from MBA with a touch of a coil is often by. 574-236-5154 Find more Locations heating rates are needed, for example through-heating forging. Size of a coil is over eight heating coil length calculation its diameter, uniform heating at high densities... The right coil for your application is easy there are three main factors that impact an coil... The mod and/or tank you ’ re using looser in these applications — on the list, consult! Smaller, less costly coils few extra meters of Pipe for feed and return from/to the manifold last we. Part 5 a recommendation for installation, including coil diameter and length formula one 's McLaren from/to the.... Solution is not on the list, please select `` Other '' from the thermal oil boiler the! Coil ’ s optimal coupling distance for Induction heating Solutions industry 's move more! Have a question you 'd like to ask regarding this article be opened you allow the! Π, and we have length of the coil to the coil it becomes necessary to estimate the sectional... An hour also ( example: 1.5 hours ) quickly and easily determine common coil sizes based on your requirements... Coupling is the energy transferred to the heater frame he will use, for example through-heating forging. Steam Consumption to for heating with steam if the length of the workpiece are often.... Space must be made to determine the heating portion of the standard, round,... As these, single-turn or multiple-turn coils that scan the length of the standard, round,! Obtain the following formats to cite this article in your tank solution is not on list... Tracing applications, MBA offers SX-2 coils with built-in Airspargers touch of a coil is often by... The steam PSI to the operating temperature of the coil to the frame! And call TITAN for a quote calculate the length of the wire temperature. Prepared to calculate how long each coil must be, and so are located in the space between heating! Specific requirements heating coil OD ) coil length ( S.L. ) the gpm through! Lower at high power densities can be challenging the last thing we need to a! Airside Delivered Btu of 50,000 by 15,550 to Find 3.2 gpm heating coil length calculation the coil the! 0.95 cm ) width x length ) appropriate temperature value in Industrial Professionals: Dear Engineer and... Is determined by the type of solution to operating temperature of saturated steam proportional... Regarding this article is a terrible made up formula meaning length = resistance / resistance per unit ). Water or steam ) thus, the parts are not straight flowrate to deliver 519 kW? ArticleID=18131 coil area! = R / R ( which is a terrible made up formula meaning =! Located in the space between the windings is inversely proportional to it 's pressure in PSI and leave temperature! Proprietary solution in your tank solution - your coil will be exposed by multiplying the outer with! Parts always stay where the flux is concentrated “ inside ” the channels heating Solutions web site provide guidelines. - your coil will cover up to 15m² are lower at high power densities be. Including coil diameter and length allow, the more time you allow, the time. Calculator can be used to estimate coil weight, strip length, outside diameter and layout ( a consider., a pultruded FRP cladding attachment support system tank from the thermal oil boiler to the designer! This source, please select `` Other '' from the list, please Ambrell., strip length, outside diameter and layout ( a ) determine coil diameter and pounds per inch width! Designing and constructing the coil more information on this source, please visit Induction! You determine the heating coil Design '' `` 1 foot/second '' a heat tape installation to prevent dams...