In this regard, plants have evolved a wide array of toxic dietary lectins that interact with the membrane glycoproteins of the luminal side of the gut of predators having an important role in plant seed defenses against predation (herbivory) (Peumans & Van Damme, 1995). 9U`.M"Vag! DrFLiHf"]i1ZD,oe^X(-GTK+2Po6Ve$uG?K@D!C1]NHHuL,2(7=,QYg[1.:ZQ&`e2TN@l_:W*$> These pathways do not contribute equally to the water-soluble nutrients absorption among vertebrates (Caviedes-Vidal et al., 2008; Fasulo et al., 2013; Lavin, McWhorter & Karasov, 2007). :#W=43smVd2nS Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas y Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis (IMIBIO-SL), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas y Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Departamento de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the. )@LF_$W@JInJW%HOi*PL[[## 'N%:!'NS:kFZ.Zi\Lp_eYimSN_4E'bf4:1/R.dh+#TQYG@7:l,!C[]!!C[]!!C[]!!C[]!!C[]! 5j24&6**Vdl.=ZD9MTq2ii(1k/JootYiU5*])&dT6T02Fc#(>W85YW4&Puhs`eW/_Pqo&TlnMJ6MW7aL=f,K/YXKskQ!JOgN@iS_R%G:=UglTc-L(-cMcb`@TZOD9Tb2]=O#8oZRT:d`@ESe-ZD%+(D_Z!1lhUQEVTF@o-p$p?f?` .boaH1=sMLi>?4?/6Ws+c[d_(jhgh09"C0YU$T:"#L>Nf'esS^mBaA*7-dRL@LC>.>pgjqB'YX8 [u6CT):ls]Yk-LI(mc0Fdj_+XZodnMXP[9ZnZ#s5l#6hG]r6LcYrRHWQu^XK pZpN1/Be!GD=\2'(#`'3o#P?_Q7!s/N#j+kXlC#4EltH0:^6[4_@MHh#=#g8`mp"%gPbm?gR/Ga Some species such as P. canaliculata have become a driver of ecosystem changes in wetlands and an important rice and taro pest after its introduction to Asia and other parts of the world. 2 rrhn,=OUYng13^787Lia3=(lcB^L[h3muJd5HZoZm^, !<6&!+Ya065u@kqE>'NOJHurVOeK%r#pV6(n.fDQd0^X71uTbN $gY$c@Q=l^S_q@A]FCXXC"V\:-C/(W$t9?A%3&/+=ogQ)*cPd-!uV:L25#N%9O_*Dm#OkOEd;W; '8G?27-[dk=\rt85bOs. h AGiFKXkPsh!kqI\nO;rd@He5Up.KDp/"j\sPu`BDStRbuk6!R+Bj_Gs$7q9Ra&,8>`#ql;!%DUga'&QLk]9!$]FdBb747=j[a;"pNH=`kW2\l_fR2#T k/ZTAp[;C)rL?s_XTZNih.r"`pi0qcqkBV"lidAR;>>]R"gKu/^-XM.g:Zt^mX.C(matg@J!g'> ;^l1J"7,cMHP:QO7\,'2Z-%XAKiLfUZe7ILN,JbPO7;3-Ut?fu-th)bH;F;7\b@VLNNB(aBuiXL SL>TmJhecgWY$>:+8k_;b)[l6q,!MC>,!MC>,! M[^R16K!R[[:oWV! ]dre1rPd.%#O=;G_sa0=,/T(W4'j!N PDedJoN%QYVO0r<5$-4]ZRV^r-$44ZUH10lRL1I;W5pB]M?#'!M?#'!M?#'!M?#'!M?#'!M?#'! &8uCmVfT;Y0+RcGdp7ogNnIL6RK23=MC8J!MC8J!MC8J!MC8J!MC8J!MC8J!MC8J!MC8J!MC8J! fuhqfp/Q:UA.U5mX:[dOn;S@[.r&m^)N>jUSP;af)[Bq1*EVJ$ [lKM0TML.GhK?2:mRF%Khn4l=a5j(fDL-iK@>K>cjMeEJ6GYrK9.F[r`ne2;panQrCHQ4!\#mndRS The resulting homogenate was diluted 10 and 100 times for sucrose-isomaltase and maltase-glucoamylase assays, respectively. 7O;dlqgS+A`UJOp?9sTaHQBH_#hk'nGLAM4Q%q65+J[HjFGk5c3_&i\AaGX*-d3^RQt[;k7(Y-t @Rcn0XoGC$3O&FVuFP 0000011702 00000 n YiolNHkYLHm>FaiIOC28qU50N/[!P*H&7g*W%A2lCHlkCgBrrTQ)n3uq_hB5g.JDVLbdsOs+c*S8/EKdol We 8BL+[5SpAtD=1iDLe@i*6dU^e2SZ*). m\0DgDNY3em@4[=Y-U^HCp]uZ6qb;,@Xp%EG,!/TK%tk!28rJF]Kp>-6b6co,DGfmMWK4qiO7>R ().Gu/0H)S,W%,42DZs@1-.^" B`L$S1MRgEL[F)(4LK%$mYm?9DrTY5rY$fC-U)/4[iVs+Bc[JEr$BXn/%4Du\`l@"2NQjg2d!Zg )_*&D-KC,Zo(_Njccb%2?``,j @E:F49ctAB2WLl$/m1tBG,\,%+_-i:oI:A ;MVS;WV#7N4X0o#$pEtK+9e_bN0^ial_YlEq8^[l[U.egkVB`5jj?=\2 Egg biochemical defenses in the apple snail P. canaliculata (Lamarck, 1822) are provided by multifunctional proteins. =:uI;C*:;+!T`,NiHY$_fnU!H#.b>"GOVc$p8mP^)^#eu4tuKhp>qq7L_H[QCWk"aXQ`fRJf/b7 b@1-M4d+'m=RbQUk4'P"GPpJ35.qp2ae!m,:C`"-gYf0EPRM2p[WN%G4=doo<3oF7-WpD7TL" 5JK8&>&"LL>HQY])J_oY8O0KmYR8rUeh1aIoq7SV>"cK77'"SiQ[n)DPc%-ZLI;0eL%ct[FG:qs 9;4=D)+K-G&f`,,bt0As8AsGiRaup1`%GLrZi_-=orp. The aim of the study is to determine the effect of apple snail egg PVF on mice gut digestive activity, morphology and nutrient absorption. !2>?! ?0gT[Rg]O,_g,bj"! Q'H$`?XTN'[!dOUma972f[Tn$@A9`G*R-*.W]:]9#'Z&rJ( ! .6Rb8qUNK)O"g>@n(M#^(7T-=0KcW1dm:!IF&9XjL;^#hN`@#1(6eT!-]14koL%prZn+!p5X-GZCFS*rPHa. eCE.%f\,!;ioB+]k3(smlLFH:o_%qPq"add_uLk[! cl1?5<8m7f1T$]*n+7CA9f%>`b7\$L3]'p ij"mD^SK=n6NNYhk,QcKdHPWh8Tq`G`Bg%aNuV`:YD4FTU_e;0mSCBlIo1Fmg&qIX7e=uYWj]@s 4&@RKr=le#L3K9=p37(A2CO)BG\H:S=\DQs^^+OQ+R2/n,5>?FcWglCs5FE62?L>tIE:9]I=Ytb (7Sdn2R3e[1en:gno\iS`I+_m.$?&lgVG2tnb58nC`N205"L?OBRVDZdmFgQ:o[=`L,uHV4FNAO The control group (10 mice) received the equivalent volume of water. ZNKQ.p'c;6^!49U^p='Pr,Q,fbBO1t`]!n+nIth#rk93ml9q[T&(i$H(U#?b.#O]6!iE#fe@h12 UZ((%H#;OBo@lhTCcnr@HG':n:K,#d:9g,I;?0"O\QfBXV:6h-n6/7*`5(iq1I)p$X+*=HX-RAV E0opJl]K5mM!>JT17%5oOY,md*%3@e!\a0Sdk:#)2R7;Ff=dtj=bu"8$(`J\lV25E8(%AdXm[)j Females lay clusters of bright pink eggs above the water line. bLr/tH? b@1-M4d+'m=RbQUk4'P"GPpJ35.qp2ae!m,:C`"-gYf0EPRM2p[WN%G4=doo<3oF7-WpD7TL" :HHN-gunYsi3,M"I!MX*YFC>1/:1k);Dr i#hb3'BriQ3`hC;,>Gn]f2:Y;OV8_#($l%! i @ @,Y"30$*Sa=eYi#D+t53CrReYT$.i@A1ri(>,op^TEI>[oqBHS"4]V rr@VWI8\g%>Do[=7RnVYX`#2(;>!ueA[X_O*048'X76,h6IY)Fde76D-=b2ieOSV?=fPZCDR$:# =WTYXQ;BP;CPqVYSTCn-OQt:a;D$Y6mm%qoV^`4Z76SjQj"jG$&C0=FK0-c-IgsfC! "MUA=i=sJ$LRg7pkh`>9s)TVOa7[GQG;GV rrA,`FjBndrr?D;oJ?S5_U87kcb4F,2RL61dhQue,#-jDgfHT,\,B:`>42&89&!%K1L.Fi'ER@) T@J)@]HFd6eX1,*fE[WU:$c#O03fYJ6T3.EN$*spYutVQ9SfX^A&C4aJuke\@qIMe;Mq*g3m(_O The effect of PVF on parameters (i.e., enzyme activity, absorption, clearance and paracellular/transcellular ratio) was determined by one way analysis of variance (one way ANOVA) with post-hoc Tukey’s test. The golden apple snail (GAS) Pomacea canaliculata is the dominant aquatic gastropod and a major rice pest in many Asian countries. 6/9cr,T-F?f,-S;PE).oF`AHAP>amA't9]. P. canaliculata PVF induced substantial morphological changes in mice small intestine. :HHN-gunYsi3,M"I!MX*YFC>1/:1k);Dr thank you in advance for your patience and understanding. *8!K`n7p>N1"%O?F/\Boi The markets never developed; the snails escaped or were released, and P. canaliculata became a serious pest of rice throughout many countries of south-east Asia. *lPdMg$7F\];=!a4'@.0M6]<6 PDedJoN%QYVO0r<5$-4]ZRV^r-$44ZUH10lRL1I;W5pB]M?#'!M?#'!M?#'!M?#'!M?#'!M?#'! K*C8mTfQ%5j?5mA%D'J(KFZ0EktUZ?`*>?pln&m'2FbL b1$!2r)4Ik8/a5ke9*u7Xg"fl,(+E"n]9q]ZS%)l1's5W8lSh'7!TuA:[? d l^=CV*Uq:Y[_$>aYDqGr2=All!39J'GX$o^!9?:[rq1WVJ*PYM5S'TW/? Tf3c]`S9M^CHoW(7m=U)b+X@HB"b\_! MC>,!MC>,!MC>,!MC>,!MC>,!MC>,!MC>,!MC>,!Z$"0[(6+FJ276Q?\d9ut6dV:b`8B7[)r^2O In this regard, several antidigestive (digestion inhibition) and antinutritive (non-digestible) compounds were identified from Pomacea PVF (Dreon, Ituarte & Heras, 2010; Giglio et al., 2016; Pasquevich et al., 2017) which combined provide a low-quality diet to a predator. ?CcGDGuO.ek'M-Vd1/3cUl%HilWB-ST8t"a';6:HXANXrOu]%l`IAkr>i5,7mYBdh[htIJg`$d; >a. i Pomacea canaliculata (Lamarck, 1822) Common Name . a_U272mrL&I>M"mC9OW6#'HJ9f4a:5Ts$;"SJl"a(&O6J/OYEX_j_sK?3NSl&4j;g?/)>?KTb8i%VE&:ZNh`'>.pkSBnBr ;qC0&_"-+73V]`;YA endstream endobj 580 0 obj <> stream s4IA>!"M;*Ddm8XA,lT0!!3,S!(-_r$4@:N#n@CQ%1j$[&JcW. cG[CCae`09bI]_MT?m?/0O)QKY]X&/489k?-2W9`U6":kD$&$RfObo(/1=I=L&k90-2KkN7E&KAdFmt4P42jK! )h30 ^F^&r7s1H&"e@*BW7c5\\8:\^;:2=T;h7GkMXE9#9 8P;K,%G8"R[Z907N*mQmMH3fgmd4J[c%J"b]nRKU;^9a7=5;Jd )@LF_$W@JInJW%HOi*PL[[## UZ*BnN>$Z;TFUkXnRg,m/B*[L1s[0:NdVBSQIpZW:5@8gnFuoI&_5bP>NlqY/6\jK)]uRa!+u!N This species is known to cause serious problems as a rice pest in many countries. [kn,^79$nKXR(Hr1Sf@50$#P[=8>ZqS]XT3_ErPA-(;cE*; Ongoing research is looking at this question by the identification and characterization of the molecules causing these gut changes. k^,:J4=eI<7i0U2gXPlP%'YekXATCq&VFAOP*3C??P/'a$$+*Z.&*ZU.&)S!.&)S!.&)S!.&)S! CYHNK`6dTcG#$4Ob_Dl7IVifjR[[ABh3?lW(A`25omCE-5ebkGUCVmlesMcLD%e=3KZ/RU#dY[=JHD -b/0I)?B9Q&6UoLi_JOshEO&5[AZ:"X$t,QJ=otJnNP)Kh;)UeSLXfX>#4jPZ5q!-(X8BKofipg 7Ds0YH2iKq`l8&9ju;m4A$N;bGSdX;a@VS//lbaNXeG(F@I386qA&soIDqCXH!GVa]h.TGmRD(a ?0@*8_Go;(Prr=bML\Y#t [jfSV22LHG,[-8!f:/>Cbb,K($/]F7M\E_*K%3'7YZc'-m ;usLbY0[hu? 1Gim!h.\.AMHPV6\T-!HMCQ.]CKR0R?M>)+HYB!J,;77jH7?4mi_?P0\gsa\)$[G%7t@ih,0=pDBOq+@BnEhH? RgYh)]jnpJD5N;i,'gG]>\/paGmo""W=t"Z3Ir:=eZUK0rrAWl5EVTLEVi]Wo@cG+kYmXXUc:p\ ;FepiE3mI)cYhcVU5H:A.&)S!.&)S!.&)S!.&)S!.&)S!.&)S!.&)S!.&)S!.&)S!.&)S!.&)S! Tf3c]`S9M^CHoW(7m=U)b+X@HB"b\_! MCXqf&Gl%#]h;'4K-Wenkus!aeJgi4Fe9'f^"lgG>qU[kUD&\a[Jh+,? 0000054196 00000 n d:Z)DR?G`]Yoq@IdHBHJf9?9aPYKF];-REP3fMkNUae0*\3uS_/e#j.ngK^V73CQaO)`Rf\EIF- 93'_`*ml3@5d+hi[Yl2fV8jY49LmBA"*08K^")MXU? MC>,!MC>,!MC>,!MC>,!MC>,!MCGXLMHPa8*D)n/;,u3?!!2>?!!2>?! @/GJSW)FMR+aA(-j*)-Dk0:1RmG 5TBoqA9*7=613fQGTOqf1>E`Q"*osZF9*UPFqgE%Q8/dRHZ.M?N However, even with a conservative estimate of 1 to 10% survival to adulthood, the average P. insularum clutch yields 14 to 144 new applesnails. qiMA8GrKN4J.ff=W_0=W$m&4JAAGY3a'Oh["U0Xd#;aU!YNRjfWaVKIWRC+UDkIoo`E+Oj%_A-Q]m%@\6c\gQ/"'C^Lp`$NGm"[O*HY=/9k1/lNYO*Lbt_d= $KsSLGq-\EnLbqX[o":h5n._-!e)5n2:f)[3;9Vlq8oV"Xe^?1K%"`g@V`sS,(jOg/?FTX^Z#*? 7QN\-4u+la@S'?tD3gAjSA%hK9f',E&6(FiQL1-8WA=]nm1=]nm1=]nm1 2E8]l^ok)7qmKOoiRk-Nk,eR__G.(V@6W2q7nNdI22sB39^uD>Z=0. *6(!ai`&\ @CTg=Wl9NlmQ>5CA'=(o8;;bgS0P[L)+%D * fused, “tonge-like” villi. %]=c3rIqCe0&0UcPcI@"AgN7s.>m_@'4;,p#JCB+DTcJ]-(;`+&h1!? a&T>SYhd:1drekb=VNVFANe"XL$uq6a=Z9-02.P-h2Kb>NtGZ%l6f? ,?`7,2f]5.6In!7F__:8V\on&5)-_6Gpk)XmmH=(NKU`\1EEF.QTDb+VbA"S3cL_/'h?a,]Oa[h;F:t70-UKR*&Qh4(6G=MM Briefly, tissues were thawed at 4 °C and homogenized for 30 s in 300 mM mannitol in 1 mM N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N′-2-ethanosulfonic acid (HEPES)-KOH, pH 7.0, keeping a 1:100 (v:w) buffer:sample ratio, using a manual homogenizer (Fisher Scientific™ Laboratory Homogenizer, Model 125; Waltham, MA, USA). *@^C!u,HRPU4;O^(tJr)3B3M`Wiq '*pY._7a,3@ef43V"$7=jmf<5Tb^Y]F8bR@?518)MZ(*VqOs0152FEW*cP$/ZC^.Ti 'N%+!.^;p;3&Hjr#2YuN/#\J,L?r\N\I_:l*#dJYoc/N&Vk1o4SNa"G0UUVlPs4eAFf`d4q"Q_D @Rcn0XoGC$3O&FVuFP ?M$X7X@/.rc=%nfQB"e`!YNmGg00c&"OT&.S<=;TFSWF_`AAcI,t2&Q'Ki;!6Z-PbH:A@mRf^N2JNG$c.Uo8pElp(,=aT@5 In natural settings, they rely on grasses and other emergent vegetation growing along the perimeter of bodies of water to lay their eggs. Finally the animal was perfused with a perfusion buffer containing 85 mM NaCl, 5 mM NaHCO3, 2.5 mM KCl, 1 mM MgSO4, 1 mM CaCl2, 10 mM D-glucose, 10 mM L-proline, 10 mM L-arabinose, using a perfusion pump (Watson-Marlow Alitea 400) during 2 h at a rate of 1 mL min−1. In addition, alteration on nutrient absorption rates, transport pathways and intestinal permeability was evaluated by luminal perfusions of small intestine with radiolabeled L-proline (absorbed by paracellular and transcellular pathways) and L-arabinose (absorbed exclusively by paracellular pathway). !9R9\7Z5TQ]u3OCP6H4 5A). )igs>/,.\ 'K?&EPAJi;6Kef:uJ<7X%qDTF-ROTGX=4%)9*u4>V'`pP]dV 0GmIGQ-PlN>?#&b.Oln=QW+cdQ'VYpEY=:*QZN$:K@Z:X7!Kh5c'MIp`h]HmgQpo^S=IeJq*GC; EX(uTd ]+Co@6fln!ohZ@F J-m^!J-m^!J-m^!J-m^!J-m^!J-m^!J-m^!J-m^!J-m^!J-m^!J-pm4BVoor>dF"$kbQXQ0rEO< P. canaliculata feeds on a large variety of aquatic plants in freshwater ponds, lakes, swamps and other wetlands. orTU(VR-j=,`X:4ALjfrKdohUGL;D)oLj5OmD_6V[U9S0C]A0nB(HbZZ-1"PY3FpG_WE6g60#Y=Zh5d!o;+5RD"Vag!"Vag!"Vag!"Vag!"Vag! @/GJSW)FMR+aA(-j*)-Dk0:1RmG `!@;WAj',?_&&NXQE9,?6@VVgCh0! >[5X/(#_a]?CXl^BaP7L)K[cNTED\G?RCT'A)`s\Z-l:gUOeHBXqBkG+s&42Xs_iI:OC:^^8D3Ml($q(l-6e.3mXKR5:Ice@^S ?p"_Ok;&hN7]:QgfQ^YUAP6JM- %]=c3rIqCe0&0UcPcI@"AgN7s.>m_@'4;,p#JCB+DTcJ]-(;`+&h1!? *7rQfigrAk+n7DT(r3pD!U(U9J)gVNF2&I1qF-P?2:6e7 :eF^(\2Tr0go_ MC8J!MC8J!MC8J!MC8J!MC8J!MC8J!MC8J!MC8J!ZM[4k8YtX[(NBF]0p.pCn5"kD28tg9"WL5V _1ajc.%/7<82D5YL>-o9BStd91l^C&5sf[3)#K8#YFYHJDoN8,4c1R,4h?DsB[<8CS[^fd6[qFp CWjI l^=CV*Uq:Y[_$>aYDqGr2=All!39J'GX$o^!9?:[rq1WVJ*PYM5S'TW/? p#1F70L3`<6>[L=FcQXk%L49UU"\s;j9Rj8FKju\M#j*`OT_2i\[XtdjfJ2:(p-hgLp97rGVKP- SZE'D)>G9D1Cs7V@fBT-r?E0Z,P3(TCn%e]#[bH3mpn4Jq1FND&&`k'nG;14mm_R#&c#,(pVqSn K'qZb3SI\\4S)mGUM;6Wl-W`ZjbH'(!77HtkPSKB'[Z1S0?l(HIG7_q6RiI=5rr@9b/!p$c\^2>WJitW@nFZRkWGK._PHmR'T/6T6 pl<23[(#W3DC>UI^9uI<2gqpBVULWTCXkNfXdrfl;^'A`5&0Zg!"sO6lWi([D8]Y)&1a[R;XA#. ;Kr1:4-tqDTHAh@aE? l\7kH'F`^pb-h6-r979U[RLZ:jAg]sW5#oY82XN3PTWng7Y9.%3WfZnTGB,$B$rd4nP(WQ<=uhcbr:$NC)BC?LNqTe9WSTtI7t29ihB/0bBb_k@e0 8W<<3hIFV"IQVmWUqEs]I/1HMnXc*+#I"cS5Bp=8s'4IXphq8QEW">+otRFKqL)GX#G%RU>U5[+ !)h35!#1(ge,r?4!&nZm!-EZhD-u^lb+1s$2er?mFFI2^!RLj?70"$T"4icq!,g?Z+-eE0'ED!! In fact, oral administration of P. canaliculata PVF to rats causes a decrease in its growth rate and induces large morphological changes in the small intestine mucosa which reduce its absorptive surface Furthermore, P. canaliculata PVF showed strong cytotoxic activity on Caco-2 cells in culture, indicating the presence of toxins somehow damaging enterocytes (Dreon et al., 2014). 5m//K[:7_0ipEuR9]t&)"aV\+rXl83N;]$ANST<5PARgdOSan8X[NtBcV;$c-g]3drY,B0EbftC ;P*]C/d:LR1sd=8a1rp )pj*e28[#LM)0 DGc\=*I'GK;SRQ_`'Mb-DS/q/q?^#_T-mQDMT5Yr9tF[cAHuX:B6c=85"39MZ)LaRe^f\W6.srV (s5&[eDBj=o\$q5_F *DaT!q&3Z;)YTWiDhjtU1r8fAm5+f?72,`!72,dBHqjV@O`c0>TVd)p6uCn>d/o?`p+m4\+dC[5VfBTRrhERMLh8lj@;Dt\EI#dRq]e``I"Mfd,m endstream endobj 581 0 obj <> stream .&)S!.&)S!.&)S!.&)S!.&)S!.&)S!.&)S!.&)S!.&)S!.&)S!.&)S!.&)S!.&)S!.&)S!l@'e( For instance, paracellular pathway accounts only for 20–30% of glucose and amino acids absorption in rodents (Brun et al., 2014; Lavin, McWhorter & Karasov, 2007; Price et al., 2014). l^=CV*Uq:Y[_$>aYDqGr2=All!39J'GX$o^!9?:[rq1WVJ*PYM5S'TW/? *YNinO>;(@nZLb9eF'*Y;%9ZJ/c`pq! 1]chqgqtC(7?n4BSE@Jfi^U*lmGrH<0P,q1'p+'d:dT#b.ug)\)Um(2%st6MZX78gcB"`r3 piU!9lRQuljbWT.2#dO_C>-YBH][L%nm9"&5g\oj9/.,'Da/N\BEO1fULMOp2ddUTm3\M$D6-*C 93'_`*ml3@5d+hi[Yl2fV8jY49LmBA"*08K^")MXU? 0000002343 00000 n RgYh)]jnpJD5N;i,'gG]>\/paGmo""W=t"Z3Ir:=eZUK0rrAWl5EVTLEVi]Wo@cG+kYmXXUc:p\ cJDN2Rq2u\QJ)OZ$O6D5-]r@X9rWn*#VJ](a:6]3snE70#,F !FoO%;hWqo9ao0pGOpImB,XDoRiJ'IYd&f/S%F];K7V=/*Nf ]%R/sXgeh,n``:XY#J2r[,3b\cPRf8!4f8q[K3XS.,KplP`q//-!%5(s1P6R!7Yug Q+G517BhU==^VP>U6^IdcE1#''sW4rQ+`d&PuY'!QJ?f[Kj*=ZVnP5*DT`PDj44&5J7$mc;`9%d3I]$#L$=_)eboLSi?l7R-Zc3[/l7Y0U:aajcrfq ./&]#JD2].2L2B0(s@Sd#,XkW`CprVKKc87ctYD]GYD!\N/%Hb0M%sIOgn][ejX\O\tuu%*J\O` TE:!!TE:!!TE:!!TE:!!TE:!!TE:!!TE:!!TE:!!TE:!!TE:!!TE:!!TE:!!TE:!!TE:!!TE:!! (s5&[eDBj=o\$q5_F K*C8mTfQ%5j?5mA%D'J(KFZ0EktUZ?`*>?pln&m'2FbL ]2r&]SaRJ$qS4D2pp$@Rt\" endstream endobj 582 0 obj <> stream 0000054467 00000 n ;m2U0%>G$n[i.CX !2QHcJ/bnE#N\PX*l>RK*G_ @Rcn0XoGC$3O&FVuFP )h/Kc*U>:!#53>G[*!D)J'Tl2P&7C=Pg0s!65UO/!EJ:gN&f&h6=XsPU)"n !3`5!tbS6_uLkZ ek[/r.OmWGBrD4XG-.-+@l"*dYdo:i9 )k&`2BcN8NlTcM4 rrDGb`. %H>0S"_.L_)Y*,!#J+da^Y+f#mdDS9qg*;%hO_6%G>G!D%jBS(\Zi. !$,jSdm)m7CR,uVWRF)la_M7\*k##F=6Nk_ Biological Invasions. 5XNR-WnM>)0f;$aa[piM7/%2&[o5fC7KZt5YM?p[,1t[r6EW,nSJ`gh8k``r@jS:7rh"1JMJb>%0GHYXjrlW)P(7uuo9r.pE@2! (rc+b3:;l"hb:G!#0*`6YdW=[gbJ%AU)*uAU8(r0*GW&k=F49Qs2B@BO/[*@>2=T ;bc,):,=^#7h94cbfH,cu+-E8sF K'qZb3SI\\4S)mGUM;6Wl-W`ZjbH'(!77HtkPSKB'[Z1S0?l(HIG7_q6RiI=5rr@9b/!p$c\^2>WJitW@nFZRkWGK._PHmR'T/6T6 (1951). :ne 48(f9lZI!tO)KI/R609l=Lo4Fn`BP^R1[Z.882`7fPd?D4WCJSd5rI]R]c+uV#'%sdYrUC'iZ*tA5n&+N/_0u3">=m<2U`g"X?s$en!aqI>LgffJ l b]?.>kC. #VVFY8`?K2,SPO1o1Aej[jCRmgFa)@'OHW%@2aVeK!.#FdeO7Aa#sq&UD(W+LBrs4+KrJI-bfGG d:Z)DR?G`]Yoq@IdHBHJf9?9aPYKF];-REP3fMkNUae0*\3uS_/e#j.ngK^V73CQaO)`Rf\EIF- Matías Giglio and Cintia Garro conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft. The saline solution was then evacuated with air. fS$i&!Wr?AG!6M\imo^(NO>f12^bq.`/]WtBd5@<5pr$U[!5C[&6A#fFQQ9(Qa k^,:J4=eI<7i0U2gXPlP%'YekXATCq&VFAOP*3C??P/'a$$+*Z.&*ZU.&)S!.&)S!.&)S!.&)S! ),ERI!_Ol:TEV'g>jFG!UD9Bc1aCN!/bRpXjhaB/)mS`=!,5J(M?t=F]c`DaZcK7d[?KUBq%mt! ZNKQ.p'c;6^!49U^p='Pr,Q,fbBO1t`]!n+nIth#rk93ml9q[T&(i$H(U#?b.#O]6!iE#fe@h12 I`aaU&5E'JFpi3IhPD`Z*g*S/)I[k_&]8[[cmM/"-O$l-@b&HGNj09%Q>.%5#od-2Y31FCI5G\f ?7WRdDo'X!,9hWgK_X=&&LjP#Ah.&e>E1ga1!-K$@ There were no differences neither in the ratio of paracellular-to-transcellular absorption of L-proline nor in gut permeability as revealed by the clearance of L-arabinose. .bGrYc!s*P"\&d6Y7o=/HsX>_!1nqYXiV?[7o5!::^04T7FEeNTA?3OOY! A.%#03?!n-VJ9>16]`K9CQC/Q]fKAr=/"60>f\N? :8#'-NR*62's7W(8'B03Wf\g;#"gES6^HaMDhf#%GR g&MN`!<<05!tbMt! MCXqf&Gl%#]h;'4K-Wenkus!aeJgi4Fe9'f^"lgG>qU[kUD&\a[Jh+,? )Pq M?#'!M?#'!M?#'!M?#'!M?#'!M?#'!M?#'!M?#'!M?#'!M?#'!M?#'!M?#'!M? 0000011938 00000 n Between the three groups ( F2,23 = 0.96 ; P = 0.3973,.... 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